Table 2.
Results of Poisson models: relative risks for amputation, Belgium 2009–2013
| Variables | RR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | Men | Women | |
| Any major amputation | |||
| Model 1a (diabetes) | |||
| Calendar year | 0.920 (0.909, 0.931)* | 0.933 (0.920, 0.946)* | 0.894 (0.877, 0.911)* |
| Male vs female | 2.258 (2.177, 2.342)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 18.824 (15.162, 23.369)* | 10.618 (8.424, 13.383)* | 52.671 (33.593, 82.583)* |
| 70–79 | 13.688 (11.027, 16.991)* | 8.418 (6.686, 10.598)* | 34.452 (21.958, 54.056)* |
| 60–69 | 9.308 (7.493, 11.563)* | 6.100 (4.843, 7.682)* | 19.087 (12.132, 30.029)* |
| 50–59 | 6.759 (5.426, 8.419)* | 4.161 (3.293, 5.258)* | 16.967 (10.748, 26.786)* |
| 40–49 | 3.39 (2.673, 4.299)* | 1.857 (1.432, 2.409)* | 10.543 (6.569, 16.924)* |
| Model 1b (no diabetes) | |||
| Calendar year | 0.991 (0.974, 1.009) | 1.001 (0.981, 1.022) | 0.975 (0.951, 1.000) |
| Male vs female | 2.242 (2.130, 2.360)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 71.017 (63.367, 79.591)* | 59.204 (51.699, 67.799)* | 81.253 (68.314, 96.642)* |
| 70–79 | 38.504 (34.279, 43.249)* | 42.539 (37.225, 48.612)* | 31.441 (26.184, 37.752)* |
| 60–69 | 18.428 (16.345, 20.776)* | 22.005 (19.210, 25.207)* | 11.759 (9.650, 14.328)* |
| 50–59 | 9.538 (8.417, 10.808)* | 10.273 (8.908, 11.847)* | 8.052 (6.589, 9.840)* |
| 40–49 | 3.604 (3.111, 4.176)* | 4.098 (3.477, 4.830)* | 2.579 (2.002, 3.321)* |
| Model 2 (both diabetes and no diabetes combined) | |||
| Calendar year | 0.991 (0.974, 1.008) | 1.001 (0.980, 1.021) | 0.975 (0.950, 1.002) |
| Diabetes (yes vs no) | 6.122 (5.776, 6.489)* | 6.336 (5.908, 6.796)* | 5.708 (5.211, 6.253)* |
| Male vs female | 2.252 (2.174, 2.336)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 53.132 (47.956, 59.028)* | 44.619 (39.564, 50.494)* | 65.211 (55.092, 77.842)* |
| 70–79 | 33.552 (30.274, 37.286)* | 33.634 (29.871, 38.007)* | 33.117 (27.880, 39.655)* |
| 60–69 | 19.63 (17.692, 21.839)* | 21.278 (18.890, 24.052)* | 15.080 (12.608, 18.170)* |
| 50–59 | 11.378 (10.218, 12.699)* | 11.572 (10.231, 13.130)* | 10.734 (8.933, 12.986)* |
| 40–49 | 4.192 (3.692, 4.764)* | 4.266 (3.690, 4.939)* | 4.002 (3.214, 4.995)* |
| Diabetes × calendar year | 0.927 (0.905, 0.949)* | 0.932 (0.906, 0.958)* | 0.916 (0.882, 0.951)* |
| Major amputation above the knee | |||
| Model 1a (diabetes) | |||
| Calendar year | 0.902 (0.888, 0.917)* | 0.914 (0.896, 0.933)* | 0.883 (0.863, 0.905)* |
| Male vs female | 1.869 (1.783, 1.959)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 39.803 (27.408, 57.803)* | 23.887 (15.173, 37.606)* | 74.895 (40.68, 137.884)* |
| 70–79 | 24.376 (16.781, 35.41)* | 15.969 (10.15, 25.125)* | 41.965 (22.769, 77.345)* |
| 60–69 | 14.385 (9.89, 20.922)* | 10.324 (6.557, 16.256)* | 19.257 (10.403, 35.644)* |
| 50–59 | 9.124 (6.247, 13.326)* | 6.197 (3.916, 9.805)* | 14.368 (7.709, 26.779)* |
| 40–49 | 4.681 (3.131, 6.998)* | 2.342 (1.417, 3.87)* | 11.422 (6.02, 21.671)* |
| Model 1b (no diabetes) | |||
| Calendar year | 1.018 (0.998, 1.039) | 1.029 (1.004, 1.054)* | 1.003 (0.974, 1.032) |
| Male vs female | 2.155 (2.032, 2.285)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 110.327 (94.446, 128.879)* | 93.062 (76.83, 112.723)* | 120.183 (95.767, 150.824)* |
| 70–79 | 61.266 (52.349, 71.702)* | 69.182 (57.253, 83.596)* | 48.389 (38.246, 61.223)* |
| 60–69 | 27.25 (23.182, 32.031)* | 33.959 (28.021, 41.155)* | 16.077 (12.499, 20.681)* |
| 50–59 | 12.64 (10.677, 14.965)* | 14.959 (12.246, 18.273)* | 8.535 (6.555, 11.113)* |
| 40–49 | 4.55 (3.741, 5.533)* | 5.241 (4.168, 6.591)* | 3.282 (2.396, 4.497)* |
| Model 2 (both diabetes and no diabetes combined) | |||
| Calendar year | 1.018 (1.000, 1.037) | 1.028 (1.005, 1.052)* | 1.003 (0.976, 1.031) |
| Diabetes (yes vs no) | 4.747 (4.441, 5.074)* | 4.603 (4.233, 5.004)* | 4.893 (4.433, 5.400)* |
| Male vs female | 2.024 (1.946, 2.105)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 95.278 (83.499, 109.273)* | 84.078 (71.588, 99.458)* | 104.238 (85.069, 129.41)* |
| 70–79 | 55.2 (48.34, 63.351)* | 59.146 (50.414, 69.898)* | 49.112 (39.935, 61.166)* |
| 60–69 | 28.1 (24.56, 32.308)* | 33.297 (28.351, 39.388)* | 18.763 (15.119, 23.553)* |
| 50–59 | 14.174 (12.324, 16.373)* | 16.083 (13.617, 19.121)* | 10.681 (8.521, 13.525)* |
| 40–49 | 5.129 (4.36, 6.046)* | 5.321 (4.382, 6.483)* | 4.788 (3.692, 6.239)* |
| Diabetes × calendar year | 0.886 (0.862, 0.910)* | 0.889 (0.86, 0.92)* | 0.881 (0.846, 0.918)* |
| Major amputation below the knee | |||
| Model 1a (diabetes) | |||
| Calendar year | 0.926 (0.913, 0.938)* | 0.941 (0.927, 0.956)* | 0.889 (0.867, 0.911)* |
| Male vs female | 2.649 (2.541, 2.762)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 12.335 (9.902, 15.367)* | 7.638 (6.065, 9.619)* | 35.56 (21.074, 60.004)* |
| 70–79 | 11.139 (8.949, 13.864)* | 7.057 (5.615, 8.869)* | 31.227 (18.506, 52.692)* |
| 60–69 | 8.525 (6.845, 10.616)* | 5.647 (4.493, 7.097)* | 20.585 (12.17, 34.817)* |
| 50–59 | 6.427 (5.147, 8.026)* | 3.99 (3.164, 5.031)* | 19.349 (11.403, 32.83)* |
| 40–49 | 3.042 (2.388, 3.875)* | 1.795 (1.386, 2.324)* | 9.989 (5.758, 17.328)* |
| Model 1b (no diabetes) | |||
| Calendar year | 0.964 (0.944, 0.984)* | 0.977 (0.952, 1.002) | 0.940 (0.910, 0.971)* |
| Male vs female | 2.463 (2.315, 2.621)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 48.973 (43.346, 55.332)* | 41.896 (36.022, 48.727)* | 56.046 (46.219, 67.964)* |
| 70–79 | 26.496 (23.376, 30.033)* | 29.954 (25.832, 34.734)* | 19.987 (16.21, 24.644)* |
| 60–69 | 14.072 (12.373, 16.004)* | 16.215 (13.947, 18.852)* | 9.597 (7.682, 11.989)* |
| 50–59 | 8.469 (7.422, 9.664)* | 8.226 (7.025, 9.632)* | 8.97 (7.235, 11.122)* |
| 40–49 | 3.331 (2.851, 3.893)* | 3.805 (3.182, 4.551)* | 2.229 (1.671, 2.973)* |
| Model 2 (both diabetes and no diabetes combined) | |||
| Calendar year | 0.964 (0.944, 0.984)* | 0.976 (0.952, 1.001) | 0.941 (0.909, 0.973)* |
| Diabetes (yes vs no) | 8.049 (7.533, 8.602)* | 8.488 (7.835, 9.198)* | 7.251 (6.491, 8.102)* |
| Male vs female | 2.571 (2.469, 2.681)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 31.797 (28.487, 35.592)* | 27.494 (24.137, 31.43)* | 39.408 (32.537, 48.219)* |
| 70–79 | 23.237 (20.83, 25.996)* | 22.855 (20.123, 26.057)* | 23.646 (19.455, 29.022)* |
| 60–69 | 15.691 (14.06, 17.561)* | 16.132 (14.207, 18.388)* | 13.513 (11.058, 16.665)* |
| 50–59 | 10.162 (9.078, 11.404)* | 9.556 (8.383, 10.932)* | 11.6 (9.476, 14.326)* |
| 40–49 | 3.826 (3.346, 4.378)* | 3.888 (3.333, 4.543)* | 3.609 (2.812, 4.642)* |
| Diabetes × calendar year | 0.960 (0.934, 0.986)* | 0.963 (0.933, 0.995)* | 0.944 (0.901, 0.989)* |
| Minor amputation | |||
| Model 1a (diabetes) | |||
| Calendar year | 0.954 (0.945, 0.962)* | 0.957 (0.948, 0.967)* | 0.946 (0.932, 0.961)* |
| Male vs female | 2.528 (2.458, 2.599)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 12.957 (11.216, 14.968)* | 9.039 (7.666, 10.658)* | 22.655 (17.640, 29.096)* |
| 70–79 | 10.248 (8.874, 11.835)* | 7.327 (6.221, 8.631)* | 17.735 (13.805, 22.785)* |
| 60–69 | 8.215 (7.112, 9.490)* | 6.204 (5.267, 7.307)* | 12.224 (9.498, 15.732)* |
| 50–59 | 5.897 (5.095, 6.826)* | 4.576 (3.878, 5.401)* | 7.918 (6.117, 10.250)* |
| 40–49 | 3.174 (2.709, 3.719)* | 2.356 (1.968, 2.821)* | 5.048 (3.829, 6.655)* |
| Model 1b (no diabetes) | |||
| Calendar year | 0.973 (0.959, 0.988)* | 0.963 (0.944, 0.982)* | 0.986 (0.965, 1.008) |
| Male vs female | 1.541 (1.477, 1.608)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 40.665 (37.649, 43.924)* | 42.094 (37.984, 46.65)* | 37.438 (33.474, 41.872)* |
| 70–79 | 19.135 (17.641, 20.756)* | 20.454 (18.394, 22.744)* | 17.29 (15.329, 19.503)* |
| 60–69 | 8.984 (8.243, 9.792)* | 10.976 (9.845, 12.238)* | 6.586 (5.755, 7.537)* |
| 50–59 | 4.66 (4.249, 5.110)* | 5.298 (4.714, 5.954)* | 3.843 (3.331, 4.434)* |
| 40–49 | 1.944 (1.736, 2.177)* | 2.143 (1.858, 2.471)* | 1.683 (1.410, 2.010)* |
| Model 2 (both diabetes and no diabetes combined) | |||
| Calendar year | 0.973 (0.954, 0.992)* | 0.962 (0.939, 0.987)* | 0.986 (0.962, 1.010) |
| Diabetes (yes vs no) | 9.457 (8.906, 10.045)* | 11.955 (11.100, 12.882)* | 6.448 (5.937, 7.003)* |
| Male vs female | 2.088 (2.016, 2.165)* | – | – |
| Age (years)a | |||
| ≥80 | 25.967 (23.733, 28.462)* | 23.172 (20.694, 26.017)* | 28.283 (25.173, 31.882)* |
| 70–79 | 16.864 (15.410, 18.488)* | 15.823 (14.146, 17.747)* | 17.48 (15.518, 19.753)* |
| 60–69 | 11.615 (10.609, 12.739)* | 12.019 (10.751, 13.473)* | 9.399 (8.303, 10.669)* |
| 50–59 | 6.896 (6.273, 7.592)* | 7.448 (6.639, 8.376)* | 5.241 (4.585, 6.003)* |
| 40–49 | 2.731 (2.431, 3.068)* | 2.894 (2.516, 3.33)* | 2.392 (2.031, 2.816)* |
| Diabetes × calendar year | 0.979 (0.956, 1.003)* | 0.993 (0.964, 1.023)* | 0.96 (0.928, 0.992)* |
aAll age groups are compared with the reference category, 0–39 years
*p < 0.05 vs reference category