Table 2.

Study population aBMD and vBMD measures (means ± SD)

	Young women (n = 60)	Middle-aged premenopausal women (n = 54)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Significance
aBMD (g/cm2)
Right total hip	1.085 ± 0.118	1.018 ± 0.112	0.002
Right femoral neck	1.098 ± 0.125	0.994 ± 0.112	0.001
Left total hip	1.081 ± 0.116	1.014 ± 0.112	0.002
Left femoral neck	1.091 ± 0.121	0.995 ± 0.115	0.001
L1-L4	1.273 ± 0.133	1.224 ± 0.127	0.048
4% tibia
Total vBMD (mg/cm3)	314.297 ± 36.608	292.222 ± 34.955	0.001
Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3)	265.272 ± 33.279	234.109 ± 27.140	0.001
Total bone area (mm2)	1000.47 ± 114.71	926.19 ± 116.89	0.001
Trabecular area (mm2)	834.07 ± 106.21	785.35 ± 113.06	0.019
38% tibia
Total vBMD (mg/cm3)	948.067 ± 52.415	937.724 ± 64.374	0.347
Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3)	1192.863 ± 16.523	1193.407 ± 26.701	0.898
Cortical thickness (mm)	5.55 ± 0.59	5.34 ± 0.60	0.057
Total bone area (mm2)	364.51 ± 40.46	353.29 ± 39.10	0.136
Cortical area (mm2)	278.12 ± 33.67	264.08 ± 29.88	0.021
Strength-Strain Index (mm3)	1554.6 ± 247.3	1451.6 ± 200.2	0.016
66% tibia
Total vBMD (mg/cm3)	712.192 ± 58.856	674.746 ± 69.706	0.002
Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3)	1154.382 ± 18.025	1145.602 ± 29.655	0.063
Cortical thickness (mm)	4.38 ± 0.49	4.05 ± 0.54	0.001
Total bone area (mm2)	527.95 ± 64.42	517.78 ± 60.84	0.389
Cortical area (mm2)	295.35 ± 36.04	272.58 ± 31.95	0.001
Strength-Strain Index (mm3)	2341.3 ± 385.4	2160.2 ± 324.7	0.008
Dominant leg
Hip strength index	1.62 ± 0.36	1.47 ± 0.35	0.029
Buckling ratio	2.45 ± 0.77	3.28 ± 1.25	0.001
Section modulus (mm3)	668.07 ± 128.90	600.36 ± 95.32	0.002
CSMI (mm4)	9981.58 ± 2587.85	9098.92 ± 1858.13	0.043
Non-dominant leg
Hip strength index	1.64 ± 0.32	1.46 ± 0.33	0.004
Buckling ratio	2.57 ± 0.92	3.23 ± 1.03	0.001
Section modulus (mm3)	665.18 ± 116.91	593.78 ± 97.28	0.001
CSMI (mm4)	9934.62 ± 2230.93	9135.23 ± 1807.07	0.041

Dominant and non-dominant leg indicates premenopausal women (n = 52)

SD standard deviation, L1-L4 lumbar spine 1–4, CSMI cross-sectional moment of inertia