HCMV major IE proteins downregulate SOX2 mRNA and protein in NPCs. HCMV pp65, IE1, IE2, or IE1 and IE2 combined were transiently expressed in NPCs following nucleofection. Samples were collected at 48 h posttransfection for mRNA (qRT-PCR) or protein (Western blotting) analysis. Actin served as a loading control. Shown is the relative level of SOX2 protein compared to corresponding controls following actin normalization. Data from three independent experiments were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and the results are presented as averages and SD. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. (A) Effects of pp65 and major IE proteins (IE1 and IE2) on SOX2 protein levels. (Left blot) NPCs were transfected with 5 μg pcDNA3.0 (Vector) or pcDNA3-pp65. (Right blot) NPCs were transfected with 5 μg pcDNA3-pp65 as a control (Vector) or pSVH (IE1 and IE2). (B) Effects of IE1 on SOX2 mRNA and protein levels. NPCs were transfected with 5 μg pcDNA3-pp65 (Vector) or 2 to 5 μg pcDNA3-IE1. (C) Effects of IE2 on SOX2 mRNA and protein levels. NPCs were transfected with 5 μg pcDNA3-pp65 (Vector) or 2 to 5 μg pcDNA3-IE2.