Table 3.
Predictive values of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of disc displacement based on MRI
| Outcomes | Prevalence | Risk of the presence of DD if the results of US are positive (PPV) | 1-Prevalence | Risk of the absence of DD if the results of US are negative (NPV) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N | %(95%CI:) | n/N | %(95%CI:) | Δ% (95%CI:) | n/N | %(95%CI:) | n/N | %(95%CI:) | Δ% (95%CI:) | |
| DD-CM (Overall) | 922/1469 | 62.8 (60.3–65.2) | 721/849 | 84.9 (82.4–87.2) | + 22.2 (18.7–25.6) | 547/1469 | 37.2 (34.8–39.7) | 419/620 | 67.6 (63.8–71.2) | + 30.4 (25.9–34.8) |
| DD-CM (Static) | 532/853 | 62.4 (59.1–65.6) | 405.5/481.5 | 84.2 (80.8–87.3) | + 21.8 (17.3–26.5) | 321/853 | 37.6 (34.4–40.9) | 245/371.5 | 65.9 (60.9–70.5) | + 28.3 (22.5–34.1) |
| DD-CM (Static and dynamic) | 390/616 | 63.3 (59.4–67.1) | 317/370 | 85.7 (81.8–89.9) | + 22.4 (17.2–27.6) | 226/616 | 36.7 (32.9–40.6) | 173/246 | 70.3 (64.4–75.8) | + 33.6 (26.8–40.5) |
| DD-CM (≥ 12 MHz) | 429/649 | 66.1 (62.4–69.7) | 344/378 | 91.0 (87.8–93.6) | + 24.9 (20.3–29.6) | 220/649 | 33.9 (30.3–37.6) | 186/271 | 68.6 (62.9–73.9) | + 34.7 (28.1–41.4) |
| DD-CM (< 12 MHz) | 208/267 | 77.9 (72.6–82.6) | 148.5/166.5 | 89.2 (83.7–93.2) | + 11.3 (4.5–18.2) | 59/267 | 22.1 (17.4–27.4) | 41/100.5 | 40.8 (31.7–50.8) | + 18.5 (7.7–29.3) |
| DD-CM (University of Innsbruck) | 534/802 | 66.6 (63.3–69.8) | 435.5/471.5 | 92.4 (89.7–94.5) | + 25.8 (21.7–29.8) | 268/802 | 33.4 (30.2–36.7) | 232/330.5 | 70.2 (65.2–75.0) | + 36.7 (30.8–42.6) |
| DD-CM (Other centers) | 388/667 | 58.2 (54.4–61.9) | 285.5/377.5 | 75.6 (71.1–79.8) | + 17.5 (11.8–23.2) | 279/667 | 41.8 (38.1–45.6) | 187/289.5 | 64.6 (58.8–69.8) | + 22.7 (16.0–29.3) |
| DD-MMO (Overall) | 384/1087 | 35.3 (32.5–38.2) | 267/348 | 76.7 (72.1–80.9) | + 41.4 (36.1–46.7) | 703/1087 | 64.7 (61.8–67.5) | 622/739 | 84.2 (81.4–86.7) | + 19.5 (15.6–23.4) |
| DD-MMO (Static) | 290/809 | 35.9 (32.6–39.2) | 190/255 | 74.5 (68.9–79.6) | + 38.7 (32.4–45.0) | 519/809 | 64.1 (60.8–67.4) | 454/554 | 81.9 (78.6–85.0) | + 17.8 (13.2–22.4) |
| DD-MMO (Static and dynamic) | 94/278 | 33.8 (28.4–39.5) | 77/95 | 81.1 (72.2–88.0) | + 47.2 (37.6–56.9) | 184/278 | 66.2 (60.5–71.6) | 166/183 | 90.7 (85.8–94.3) | + 24.5 (17.6–31.5) |
| DD-MMO (≥ 12 MHz) | 246/609 | 40.4 (36.5–44.3) | 172/209 | 82.3 (76.7–87.0) | + 41.9 (35.4–48.4) | 363/609 | 59.6 (55.7–63.4) | 326/400 | 81.5 (77.5–85.1) | + 21.9 (16.5–27.3) |
| DD-MMO (< 12 MHz) | 8/27 | 29.6 (14.8–48.6) | 1/4 | 25.0 (1.3–75.8) | − 4.6 (−50.4–41.2) | 19/27 | 70.4 (51.4–85.2) | 16/23 | 70.0 (48.9–85.6) | − 0.8 (−26.3–24.7) |
| DD-MMO (University of Innsbruck) | 307/796 | 38.6 (35.2–42.0) | 217/267 | 81.3 (76.3–85.6) | + 42.7 (36.9–48.5) | 489/796 | 61.4 (58.0–64.8) | 439/529 | 83.0 (79.6–86.0) | + 21.6 (16.9–26.2) |
| DD-MMO (Other centers) | 77/291 | 26.5 (21.6–31.8) | 50/81 | 61.7 (50.8–71.8) | + 35.3 (23.5–47.0) | 214/291 | 73.5 (68.2–78.4) | 183/210 | 87.1 (82.1–91.2) | + 13.6 (6.8–20.4) |
| DDWR | 135/354 | 38.1 (33.2–43.3) | 96/132 | 72.7 (64.7–79.8) | + 34.6 (25.5–43.7) | 219/354 | 61.9 (56.7–66.8) | 183/222 | 82.4 (77.0–87.0) | + 20.6 (13.5–27.7) |
| DDWoR | 205/490 | 41.8 (37.5–46.2) | 162/196 | 82.7 (76.9–87.5) | + 40.8 (34.0–47.7) | 285/490 | 58.2 (53.8–62.5) | 251/294 | 85.4 (81.0–89.1) | + 27.2 (21.3–33.2) |