Fig. 2.

a Secreted IL-1α levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and gastric cancer cell lines MKN45, NUGC-4, and AGS. b Effect of IL-1α and IL-1RA on the level of VEGF secreted by HUVECs. Secreted VEGF levels were determined in culture medium of HUVECS by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). c Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) influences the secretion of VEGF in gastric cancer cell lines. White columns Cultured cells without rIL-1RA (control), black grid columns 1 ng/mL rIL-1RA, left diagonal striped columns 10 ng/mL rIL-1RA, right diagonal striped columns 100 ng/mL rIL-1RA. b, c Asterisks indicate significant difference from control at **P < 0.05, *P < 0.01. Columns and whiskers Mean and standard deviation (SD), respectively