Table 2.
Select studies on the prevalence and distribution of cutaneous HPVs among immunocompetent individuals.
| Year | Author (s) (reference number) | Data |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | Boxman et al. 35 | Cutaneous HPVs detection in eyebrow hairs seems to reflect infections in other parts of the body (useful in epidemiological studies). |
| 2000 | Antonsson et al. 6 | Sun exposure and history of skin cancer are risk factors associated to β-HPVs detection in IC individuals. |
| 2000 | Harwood et al. 36 | Cutaneous HPVs prevalence was higher among individuals who reported ever having skin lesions. |
| 2000 | Antonsson et al. 6 | β-HPV DNA detection and seroprevalence increases with age. |
| 2003 | Struijk et al. 56 | |
| 2007 | Hazard et al. 30 | |
| 2009 | Weissenborn et al. 48 | |
| 2009 | de Koning et al. 55 | |
| 2003 | Antonsson et al. 47 | The presence of cutaneous β- and γ-HPVs DNA is observed since early infancy. |
| 2003 | Antonsson et al. 47 | β-HPVs types detected on parents are also more commonly found in their babies. |
| 2009 | Weissenborn et al. 48 | |
| 2003 | Antonsson et al. 52 | β- and γ-HPVs may be commensal to humans. |
| 2010 | Antonsson et al. 38 | |
| 2014 | Bzhalava et al. 53 | |
| 2004 | Termorshuizen et al. 24 | Severe sunburns are associated with the presence of β-HPV DNA. |
| 2004 | Stockfleth et al. 60 | HPVs 5 and 8 were the most frequently found in premalignant lesions, SCC and BCC. |
| 2004 | Smith et al. 75 | Simultaneous oral-genital type-specific β-HPV infections are relatively rare. |
| 2006 | Fakhry et al. 73 | |
| 2011 | Termine et al. 77 | |
| 2017 | Hampras et al. 74 | |
| 2017 | Steinau et al. 76 | |
| 2017 | Nunes et al. 10 | |
| 2005 | Weissenborn et al. 46 | Higher viral loads are detected within pre-malignant skin lesions as compared to SCC. |
| 2011 | Arron et al. 43 | |
| 2007 | Forslund et al. 23 | Most viruses detected on the external skin surface may reflect HPV deposition. |
| 2007 | Köhler et al. 54 | The prevalence of β-HPVs DNA in plucked hairs from different body sites of IC individuals is approximatelly 90%. |
| 2009 | de Koning et al. 55 | |
| 2008 | Patel et al. 59 | β-HPVs may play a role in the pathogeny of NMSC also in healthy individuals. |
| 2008 | Feltkamp et al. 49 | Viral transmission seems to occur through direct skin contact. |
| 2017 | Moscicki et al. 51 | |
| 2017 | Nunes et al. 10 | |
| 2009 | Bouvard et al. 15 | Epidemiological evidence concerning the association between specific β- and γ-HPVs and the development of skin cancer in IC is inconclusive. |
| 2009 | Weissenborn et al. 48 | UV radiation may be a putative viral detection-related risk factor. |
| 2010 | Antonsson et al. 38 | High overall seropositivity (>90%) to at least one viral β-HPV is observed within healthy individuals. |
| 2010 | Iannacone et al. 62 | |
| 2010 | Michael et al. 63 | Low overall seropositivity to at least one viral β-HPV is observed within healthy individuals. |
| 2011 | Proby et al. 33 | |
| 2011 | Proby et al. 33 | β-HPV types most commonly detected in the skin also have the highest seroprevalence. |
| 2011 | Bottalico et al. 7 | Analysis of β- and γ-HPVs DNA and antibodies prevalence among series of samples (anogenital, oral, skin, nasal cavity from women and men). |
| 2013 | Forslund et al. 8 | |
| 2013 | Pierce Campbell et al. 68 | |
| 2013 | Sichero et al. 65 | |
| 2013 | Paolini et al. 70 | |
| 2014 | Hampras et al. 31 | |
| 2014 | Sichero et al. 66 | |
| 2015 | Sichero et al. 69 | |
| 2015 | Donè et al. 67 | |
| 2016 | Nunes et al. 9 | |
| 2017 | Moscicki et al. 51 | |
| 2013 | Neale et al. 32 | Cutaneous HPVs target the hair follicle bulge, which is probably the reservoir of these viruses. |
| 2013 | Sichero et al. 65 | The majority of male genital samples could not be classified using technologies widely used for typing of α-HPVs. |
| 2013 | Pierce Campbell et al. 68 | Male external genital lesions (EGL) are not associated to β-HPVs infections. |
| 2016 | Rahman et al. 71 | |
| 2013 | Sichero et al. 65 | Most samples from the male genitals were positive for multiples cutaneous HPV DNA. |
| 2014 | Sichero et al. 66 | |
| 2013 | Sichero et al. 65 | The detection of β-HPVs in one anatomic site may also represent deposition of virions shed from other anatomic sites. |
| 2014 | Sichero et al. 66 | |
| 2015 | Sichero et al. 69 | |
| 2013 | Sichero et al. 65 | The detection of cutaneous HPVs DNA is not associated to sexual risk factors. Other routes of transmission such as autoinoculation and non-penetrative sexual activities could be associated. |
| 2014 | Sichero et al. 66 | |
| 2015 | Donè et al. 67 | |
| 2015 | Torres et al. 72 | |
| 2016 | Nunes et al. 9 | |
| 2016 | Chahoud et al. 44 | Analyses of association between the detection of antibodies to β-HPVs with SCC risk development. |
| 2017 | Hampras et al. 74 | The occurrence of concordant β-HPV infections seem to be higher across keratinized tissues than across mucosal sites. |
| 2017 | Moscicki et al. 51 | The transmission rate of β-HPVs between anogenital sites from men-to-women and women-to-men was similar, suggesting these are sexually transmitted. |