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. 2018 Aug 10;9:1111. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01111

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Copyright © 2018 Yamada, Himori, Tatebayashi, Yamada, Ashida, Imai, Akatsuka, Masuda, Kanzaki, Watanabe, Wada, Westerblad and Lanner.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Procedure for electrical stimulation treatment. Under anesthesia, the animal was placed in a supine position and the left leg was attached to a footplate connected to a force transducer, with the right leg serving as control. The foot was placed at 0° angle of plantar flexion. The plantarflexor muscles were stimulated using a pair of surface electrodes on the skin (A). The torque produced in response to the electrical stimulation was measured (B). Each session consisted of 4 sets of 5 isometric contractions at 5-min intervals and was carried out every day for 7 days.