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. 2018 Aug 10;9:1111. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01111

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Copyright © 2018 Yamada, Himori, Tatebayashi, Yamada, Ashida, Imai, Akatsuka, Masuda, Kanzaki, Watanabe, Wada, Westerblad and Lanner.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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ES treatment prevents the force depression in skinned muscle fibers from S-D rats. Representative original records of Ca²⁺-activated force in chemically skinned fibers from gastrocnemius muscles of control (CNT) and steroid-denervation (S-D) rats with or without ES treatment. Fibers were exposed to solutions at progressively higher free Ca²⁺ concentration: pCa 6.4, 6.2, 6.0, 5.8, 5.6, 5.4, and 4.7 (A). Specific force–frequency relationship (B) and pCa₅₀ (C). Data presented as mean and SEM from 14 to 18 fibers per group.