Apparent passive permeability in the apical-to-basolateral (Papp,A-B) and basolateral-to-apical (Papp,B-A) directions and efflux ratio (ER) across MDCKII, MDCKII-ABCB1, and MDCKII-ABCG2 cell monolayers. A, The Papp,A-B, Papp,B-A, and ER of AZD1775 (5 μmol/L) and the positive controls, loperamide (a typical substrate of ABCB1, 5 μmol/L) and gefitinib (a typical substrate of ABCG2, 1 μmol/L), in the absence or presence of an inhibitor of ABCB1 (cyclosporine A, 10 μmol/L) or ABCG2 (Ko143, 1 μmol/L). B, The Papp,A-B, Papp,B-A, and ER of AZD1775 (5 μmol/L) at a fixed apical pH (7.4) and varying basolateral pH (7.4, 7.0, 6.5, and 6.0). Data are expressed as the mean from three independent experiments (triplicate in each experiment), with the relative SD <20%.