Table 2.

The dual effects of RT on tumor microenvironment

Effect of RT	Pro-immunogenic	Anti-immunogenic
Cytokine secretion	IFN I	TGF-β
	IFN II	CSF-1
	IL-1β	IL-6
	IL-18	IL-10
Chemokine secretion	CXCL9	CXCL12
	CXCL10
	CXCL16
Leukocyte infiltration	DCs	MDSCs
	Effector T cells	Treg cells
	M1 macrophages	M2 macrophages
Signal molecule expression	MHC-I	PD-L1
	STING	Trex 1
	Fas

RT radiotherapy, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, TGF transforming growth factor, CSF colony-stimulating factor, CXCL CXC-motif chemokine ligand, DCs dendritic cells, MDSCs myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Treg regulatory T lymphocytes, MHC major histocompatibility complex, STING stimulator of interferon genes, Trex three prime repair exonuclease, PD-L1 programmed cell death-ligand 1