Table 2.
The dual effects of RT on tumor microenvironment
| Effect of RT | Pro-immunogenic | Anti-immunogenic |
|---|---|---|
| Cytokine secretion | IFN I | TGF-β |
| IFN II | CSF-1 | |
| IL-1β | IL-6 | |
| IL-18 | IL-10 | |
| Chemokine secretion | CXCL9 | CXCL12 |
| CXCL10 | ||
| CXCL16 | ||
| Leukocyte infiltration | DCs | MDSCs |
| Effector T cells | Treg cells | |
| M1 macrophages | M2 macrophages | |
| Signal molecule expression | MHC-I | PD-L1 |
| STING | Trex 1 | |
| Fas |
RT radiotherapy, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, TGF transforming growth factor, CSF colony-stimulating factor, CXCL CXC-motif chemokine ligand, DCs dendritic cells, MDSCs myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Treg regulatory T lymphocytes, MHC major histocompatibility complex, STING stimulator of interferon genes, Trex three prime repair exonuclease, PD-L1 programmed cell death-ligand 1