Table B1:
Preliminary Findings of Effects of ACA on Coverage for Young Adults.
| Study | Data source(s) | Study design | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antwi et al. (2013) | SIPP | - Difference-in-differences model with
state fixed effects - Study period: 2008–2011 - Treatment group: ages 19–25; comparison group: ages 16–18 and 27–29 |
- 2.6 million young adults added
parental ESI after ACA implementation - Parental ESI rates rose prior to law taking effect |
| Antwi et al. (2015a) | NIS | - Difference-in-differences model with
year, seasonality, and hospital fixed effects - Study period: 2007–2011 - Treatment group: ages 19–25; comparison group: ages 27–29 |
- 12.5% reduction in uninsurance rate among hospitalized young adults ages 19-25 |
| Chua and Sommers (2014) | MEPS | - Difference-in-differences - Study period: 2002–2011 - Treatment group: ages 19-25; comparison group: ages 26–34 |
- 7.2pp increase in probability of insurance coverage among 19- to 25-year-olds as compared to 26- to 34-year-olds |
| Cohen and Martinez (2015) | NHIS | - 2014 NHIS coverage estimates | - Number of uninsured young adults ages 19–25 fell from 26.5% in 2013 to 20.0% in 2014 |
| Collins et al. (2012) | Commonwealth Fund Health Insurance Tracking Survey |
- Survey results weighted to correct
for sample design and nonresponse - Survey period: November 2010–November 2011 |
- 13.7 million young adults remained
on or joined parent's health insurance plan between November
2010 and November 2011, and 6.6 million would not have been able
to do so prior to the ACA - 39% of young adults ages 19–29 were uninsured at some point in 2011 - 70% of young adults with incomes below 133% FPL were uninsured atsome point in 2011 |
| Collins et al. (2014) | Commonwealth Fund Health Insurance Tracking Survey |
- Survey results weighted to correct
for sample design and nonresponse - Survey periods: July–September 2013, April–June 2014 |
- 5.7 million fewer uninsured young
adults ages 19–34 in April to June 2014 cohort than July
to September 2013 cohort - Uninsurance rate declined from 28% to 18% during this time |
| Depew (2013) | SIPP | - Difference-in-differences model with
state and year fixed effects -Study period: 2001–2011 - Treatment group: ages 19–25; comparison group: ages 26–29 |
- Females ages 19–25 were 3.2pp
more likely to have health insurance after the ACA than females
ages 26–29 - Similar males 4.7pp more likely to be insured |
| Lloyd et al. (2014) | CPS | - Difference-in-differences - Study period: pre-ACA 2004–2009; post-ACA2010-2011 - Treatment group: ages 19–23 (excluding students) and ages 24–25 (all); comparison group: ages 27–30 (all) |
-Percentage of young adults age 26 and
under with non-spousal insurance rose 7.2pp between pre-ACA
period (2004–2009) and period immediately after
implementation (2010–2011) - Percentage of uninsured young adults decreased 4.5pp |
| Kotagal et al. (2014) | BRFSS NHIS |
- Difference-in-differences - Study period: pre-ACA 2009; post-ACA 2012 - Treatment group: ages 19–25; comparison group: ages 26–34 |
- 68.3% to 71.1% increase in coverage for young adults ages 19–25 between 2009 and 2012 |
| Martinez and Cohen (2014) | NHIS | - NHIS coverage estimates | - 4.5 million young adults gained coverage between the implementation of the dependent coverage provision and second quarter of 2014 |
| McMorrow et al. (2015) | NHIS | - Examined temporal coverage
trends - Study period: 2009–2014 |
- Uninsurance rate among 19–25
year-olds fell from 30% in 2009 to 19% in second quarter of
2014 - Dependent coverage expansion disproportionately affected higher-income young adults - Largest reductions in Medicaid expansion states |
| Mulcahy et al. (2013) | IMS Health CDM Database | - Difference-in-differences
model - Study period: 2009–2011 - Treatment group: ages 19–25; comparison group: ages 26–31 |
- 1.7pp decrease in proportion of ED
visits by uninsured young adults ages 19–25 between
January 2009 and December 2011 compared to adults ages
26–31 - 3.1 pp increase in private coverage rates of nondiscretionary ED visits by young adults |
| O'Hara and Brault (2013) | ACS | - Difference-in-differences model with
state effects - Study period: 2008–2011 - Treatment group: ages 19–25; comparison group: ages 26–29 |
- Private insurance rate increased 4.6pp from 2010–2011 for young adults ages 19–25, corresponding to net increase in coverage of 1.4 million individuals and net decrease in uninsurance of 1.3 million |
| Scott et al. (2015) | National Trauma Data Bank |
- Difference-in-differences model with
facility-level fixed effects - Study period: pre-ACA 2007–2009; post-ACA 2011-2012 - Study population: individuals with trauma experience - Treatment group: ages 19–25; comparison group: ages 26–34 |
- Uninsurance rate decreased 3.4pp
amongyoung adult trauma patients ages 19–25, as compared
to similar adults ages 26-34 - Largest decrease among men and non-Hispanic Whites |
| Slusky (2012) | CPS | - Difference-in-differences model with
age, state, and time fixed effects - Study period: pre-ACA 2005–2009; post-ACA 2011 - Treatment group: ages 19–25; comparison group: ages 16–18 and 27–29 |
- Insurance coverage rate rose 3pp to
4pp for young adults ages 19–25 - Parental insurance coverage rates rose by 7pp–9pp and self-coverage fell by 4pp–5pp |
| Sommers et al. (2013) | NHIS CPS ASEC | - Difference-in-differences - Study period: 2005–2010 - Treatment group: ages 19–25; comparison group: ages 26–34 |
- 6.7pp increase in proportion of young adults ages 19–25 gaining dependent coverage between September 2011 and September 2012, as compared to adults ages 26–35 |
| Wallace and Sommers (2015) | BRFSS | - Difference-in-differences model with
state and time fixed effects - Study period: 2005–2012 - Treatment group: ages 19–25; comparison group: ages 26–34 |
- 6.6pp increased likelihood of having health insurance post-reform foryoung adults ages 19–25, as compared to adults ages 26–34 |