Table 1.
Patient characteristics at diagnosis and at start of second line treatment
| Parameters | Total samplea (N = 207) | Type of relapse at the start of second-line treatment | p valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biochemical (N = 139) | Clinical (N = 67) | ||||
| Diagnosis | |||||
| Agec | 67.2 (58.5–73.8) | 67.7 (58.8–73.2) | 65.8 (57.4–74.8) | 0.990 | |
| Gender N (%) | Female | 95 (45.9) | 71 (51.1) | 24 (35.8) | 0.040 |
| Male | 112 (54.1) | 68 (48.9) | 43 (64.2) | ||
| ISSd N (%) | Stage I | 54 (26.1) | 38 (27.3) | 16 (23.9) | 0.296 |
| Stage II | 74 (35.7) | 53 (38.1) | 21 (31.3) | ||
| Stage III | 77 (37.2) | 46 (33.1) | 30 (44.8) | ||
| Unknown | 2 (1.0) | 2 (1.4) | |||
| MMe type N (%) | IgA | 54 (26.1) | 39 (28.1) | 15 (22.4) | 0.700 |
| IgD | 5 (2.4) | 4 (2.9) | 1 (1.5) | ||
| IgG | 115 (55.6) | 73 (52.5) | 41 (61.2) | ||
| IgM | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | ||
| NSf | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.5) | ||
| κ | 15 (7.2) | 10 (7.2) | 5 (7.5) | ||
| λ | 7 (3.4) | 5 (3.6) | 2 (3.0) | ||
| Unknown | 8 (3.9) | 7 (5) | 1 (1.5) | ||
| Bone disease N (%) | Yes | 131 (63.3) | 80 (57.6) | 50 (74.6) | 0.029 |
| No | 62 (30.0) | 48 (34.5) | 14 (20.9) | ||
| Unknown | 14 (6.8) | 11 (7.9) | 3 (4.5) | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL)c | 10.9 (9.3–12.2) | 10.9 (9.2–12.2) | 10.8 (9.4–12.1) | 0.978 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL)c | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 0.324 | |
| Creatinine clearance (ml/min)c | 75.2 (54.1–98.0) | 80.7 (56.1–99.1) | 65.5 (43.1–90.8) | 0.134 | |
| eGFRg N (%) | < 60 | 69 (33.3) | 45 (32.4) | 24 (35.8) | 0.734 |
| 60–90 | 84 (40.6) | 55 (39.6) | 29 (43.3) | ||
| ≥ 90 | 50 (24.2) | 35 (25.2) | 14 (20.9) | ||
| Unknown | 4 (1.9) | 4 (2.9) | 0 | ||
| Serum Calcium (mg/dL) N (%) | < 11 | 177 (85.5) | 121 (87.1) | 56 (83.6) | 0.194 |
| ≥ 11 | 23 (11.1) | 12 (8.6) | 10 (14.9) | ||
| Unknown | 7 (3.4) | 6 (4.3) | 1 (1.5) | ||
| Beta-2 microglobulin (mg/L) N (%) | < 5.5 | 112 (54.1) | 77 (55.4) | 35 (52.2) | 0.514 |
| ≥ 5.5 | 59 (28.5) | 37 (26.6) | 21 (31.3) | ||
| Unknown | 36 (17.4) | 25 (18.0) | 11 (16.4) | ||
| Treatment | Bortezomib based | 131 (63.3) | 86 (61.9) | 45 (67.2) | 0.459 |
| IMiD based | 72 (34.8) | 50 (36.0) | 21 (31.3) | 0.513 | |
| Second-line treatment | |||||
| Months from diagnosis to initiation of second line treatmentc | 18.0 (8.8–33.1) | 17.5 (9.0–30.7) | 19.4 (6.9–39.1) | 0.758 | |
| Agec | 69.0 (60.6–75.8) | 69.5 (61.1–75) | 68.1 (59.4–77.1) | 0.730 | |
| ECOG PSh N (%) | 0–1 | 174 (84.1) | 119 (85.6) | 55 (82.1) | 0.852 |
| 2–4 | 30 (14.5) | 20 (14.4) | 10 (14.9) | ||
| Unknown | 3 (1.4) | 0 | 2 (3.0) | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL)c | 12.1 (10.6–13.2) | 12.2 (10.9–13.2) | 10.9 (9.7–13.0) | 0.002 | |
| Creatinine (mg /dL)c | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.080 | |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min)c | 76.7 (58.0–114.0) | 86.6 (60.0–113.9) | 69.9 (49.9–125.0) | 0.158 | |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2, N (%) | < 60 | 51 (24.6) | 34 (24.5) | 17 (25.4) | 0.664 |
| 60–90 | 83 (40.1) | 55 (39.6) | 28 (41.8) | ||
| ≥ 90 | 66 (31.9) | 48 (34.5) | 18 (26.9) | ||
| Unknown | 7 (3.4) | 2 (1.4) | 4 (6.0) | ||
| Serum calcium (mg/dL) N (%) | < 11 | 195 (94.2) | 133 (95.7) | 62 (92.5) | 0.955 |
| ≥ 11 | 3 (1.4) | 2 (1.4) | 1 (1.5) | ||
| Unknown | 9 (4.3) | 4 (2.9) | 4 (6.0) | ||
| Beta-2 microglobulin (mg/L) N (%) | < 5.5 | 128 (61.80) | 91 (65.5) | 37 (55.2) | 0.146 |
| ≥ 5.5 | 36 (17.4) | 21 (15.1) | 15 (22.4) | ||
| Unknown | 43 (20.8) | 27 (19.4) | 15 (22.4) | ||
aType of relapse unknown for one patient
bNot including unknown cases
cData reported as median (interquartile range)
dInternational staging system
eMultiple myeloma
fNon-secretory
gEstimated glomerular filtration rate
hEastern collaborative oncology group performance status