. 2018 Jul 25;77(9):757–768. doi: 10.1093/jnen/nly065

TABLE 1.

Demographic and Neuropathological Characteristics of Study Groups

	FHS	UNITE	ADC	p Value
Sample size (n)	164	269	261	—
Age at Death, yrs (SEM)	87.2 (0.8)	57.4 (1.3)	83.3 (0.7)	<0.001,^‖^,^‖\|,^‖‖
Range	57–105	14–98	34–111	<0.001,^‖^,^‖\|,^‖‖
Sex, male/female (%)	71/93 (43.3)	268/1 (99.6)	174/87 (66.7)	<0.001^¶^,‖^,^‖\|^,^‖‖
Contact sports exposure^*
Yes/no (%)	19/145 (11.6)	269/0 (100)	–	<0.001^¶
Football, n (%)	9 (47.7)	227 (84.4)
Hockey, n (%)	9 (47.7)	14 (5.2)
Other^†, n (%)	1 (5.3)	28 (10.4)
Total years, mean (SEM)	6.6 (0.9)	15.1 (0.4)^‡		<0.001
Contact sports exposure >8 years, n (%)	2 (1.2)	189 (86.7)^‡		<0.001^¶^,^‖
LBD, any, n (%)	51 (31.1)	54 (20.2)	115 (44.1)	<0.001^¶^,^‖^,^‖\|^,^‖‖
LBD, neocortical, n (%)	12 (7.3)	18 (6.7)	34 (13.0)	0.028^¶^,^‖\|
AD, n (%)	66 (40.2)	36 (13.2)	187 (72.2)	<0.001^¶^‖^,^‖\|^,^‖‖
CTE, n (%)	1 (0.6)	217 (81.3)	7 (3.2)^§	<0.001^¶^,^‖^,^‖\|
FTLD, n (%)	18 (11.0)	13 (4.9)	32 (12.4)	0.008^¶^,^‖\|
Control, n (%)	45 (27.4)	49 (18.2)	16 (6.1)	<0.001^¶^,^‖\|^,^‖‖
APOE ɛ4 presence ± (%)	36/116 (23.7)	87/164 (34.7)	35/32 (52.2)	<0.001^¶^,^‖\|^,^‖‖

Control participants did not meet threshold for major pathological diagnosis. Mean years of exposure are for those subjects with contact sports exposure > 0. Contact sports exposure data was not available for ADC participants.

FHS: Framingham Heart Study; UNITE: Understanding Neurologic Injury and Traumatic Encephalopathy; ADC: Alzheimer’s Disease Center; LBD: Lewy body disease; AD: Alzheimer disease; CTE: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy; FTLD: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.

sport type defined as sport played at highest level.

^†

includes boxing, rugby, mixed martial arts, and soccer.

^‡

out of 218 with documented exposure years.

^§

out of 222 evaluated.

^¶

χ² test for proportions.

^‖

p-value < 0.05 between FHS and UNITE.

^‖|

p < 0.05 between UNITE and ADC.

^‖‖

p < 0.05 between FHS and ADC groups.