Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of receiving strong anticholinergic prescriptions among adults ages 65 or older in office-based outpatient settings, 2006–2015 NAMCS.
| (Reference group in a parenthesis) | AOR | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (65–74) | |||
| 75–84 | 0.96 | 0.87 – 1.06 | 0.427 |
| 85+ | 0.95 | 0.84 – 1.08 | 0.452 |
| Gender (Male) | |||
| Female | 1.88 | 1.71 – 2.06 | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White) | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.92 | 0.76 – 1.11 | 0.392 |
| Hispanic | 1.07 | 0.90 – 1.26 | 0.441 |
| Other a) | 0.97 | 0.72 – 1.31 | 0.848 |
| Region (Northeast) | |||
| Midwest | 1.02 | 0.89 – 1.18 | 0.748 |
| South | 1.21 | 1.05 – 1.39 | 0.007 |
| West | 1.02 | 0.88 – 1.19 | 0.774 |
| Primary source of payment (Private) | |||
| Medicare | 1.03 | 0.90 – 1.17 | 0.668 |
| Medicaid | 1.16 | 0.87 – 1.53 | 0.306 |
| Other b) | 1.11 | 0.79 – 1.54 | 0.547 |
| Reason for visit (Acute problem) | |||
| Routine chronic problem | 0.96 | 0.87 – 1.06 | 0.401 |
| Preventive care | 0.87 | 0.73 – 1.03 | 0.103 |
| Pre- or post-surgery | 0.91 | 0.74 – 1.11 | 0.337 |
| Physician specialty (Primary care) | |||
| Psychiatry | 1.69 | 1.12 – 2.55 | 0.012 |
| Neurology | 1.29 | 0.88 – 1.90 | 0.193 |
| Urology | 2.06 | 1.75 – 2.44 | <0.001 |
| Other c) | 0.62 | 0.55 – 0.70 | <0.001 |
| Repeat of visits in the past 12 months (Never) | |||
| 1–2 visits | 1.10 | 0.91 – 1.33 | 0.345 |
| 3–5 visits | 1.01 | 0.83 – 1.23 | 0.94 |
| 6+ visits | 1.11 | 0.90 – 1.37 | 0.322 |
| Time spent with a doctor (< 15 min.) | |||
| 15–20 min. | 0.98 | 0.86 – 1.12 | 0.777 |
| 21–30 min. | 0.99 | 0.86 – 1.15 | 0.928 |
| > 30 min. | 1.00 | 0.82 – 1.15 | 0.713 |
| ≥2 chronic conditions (<2) | 1.00 | 0.91 – 1.10 | 0.987 |
| ≥6 medications (<6) | 5.14 | 4.66 – 5.68 | <0.001 |
| Visit diagnosis | |||
| Allergic conditions (No) | 0.91 | 0.69 – 1.22 | 0.538 |
| Chronic respiratory diseases (No) | 0.83 | 0.67 – 1.02 | 0.077 |
| Irritable bowel syndromes (No) | 0.36 | 0.05 – 2.71 | 0.319 |
| Overactive bladder or urinary incontinence (No) | 5.28 | 3.81 – 7.31 | <0.001 |
| Neuropathic pain (No) | 1.66 | 1.26 – 2.18 | <0.001 |
| Parkinsonism, dyskinesia, or dystonia (No) | 1.37 | 0.83 – 2.26 | 0.215 |
| Vertigo or motion sickness (No) | 4.96 | 3.80 – 6.47 | <0.001 |
| Cognitive impairment or dementia (No) | 0.70 | 0.47 – 1.04 | 0.074 |
| Other psychiatric disorders (No) | 1.90 | 1.45 – 2.50 | <0.001 |
| Insomnia (No) | 2.01 | 1.28 – 3.15 | 0.002 |
| Dry mouth, blurry vision, fatigue, hypersomnia, or tachycardia (No) | 1.00 | 0.70 – 1.43 | 1.000 |
| Constipation (No) | 1.29 | 0.84 – 1.96 | 0.245 |
|
| |||
| Sample size | |||
| Unweighted sample | 96,996 | ||
| Weighted visits | 235,697,874 | ||
|
| |||
| F-statistic | 58.75 (p<0.001) | ||
Note:
a)
includes Asians, American Indian/Alaska Natives (AIANs), Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI), or 2+ reported racial/ethnic groups;
b)
includes worker’s compensation, self-pay, no charge, and others;
c)
includes obstetrics/gynecology, cardiovascular diseases, dermatology, urology, neurology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and others; and
d)
was based 14 chronic conditions (yes/no) collected by the NAMCS (e.g., arthritis, congestive heart failure, and diabetes).