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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2018 Oct;55(2):190–204. doi: 10.1007/s12016-018-8678-z

Fig 3. Mechanism of immune changes after treatment with allergen immunotherapy.

Fig 3

During the course of AIT, several groups of cellular and molecular events take place. Within hours, there is a noted decrease in mast cells and basophil activity and degranulation leading to a decrease in type 1 skin test reactivity. Treg cells and their cytokines suppress Th2-type immune responses and help control the allergic diseases. During AIT, Breg cells are activated and suppress T cells and contribute to IgG4 synthesis, whereas Tregs suppress the allergic process by preventing and inhibiting inflammation in many different cell types.