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. 2018 Aug 17;8:12395. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30318-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Study 3 (laboratory testing) results. The test displays good reliability (mean SE and test-retest reliability) and nomothetic span (correlations with related measures). (a) Mean standard error (SE) of CA-BAT ability estimates plotted as a function of test length. The shaded ribbon marks the 95% confidence region. (b) Test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation) plotted as a function of test length. The shaded ribbons mark 95% confidence regions. (c) Correlations between CA-BAT ability estimates (Wave 1) and sub-scales of the Gold-MSI self-report questionnaire, plotted as a function of test length. The dotted line marks the threshold for two-tailed statistical significance at a level of $p < 0.05$ . (d) CA-BAT performance (Wave 1, after 25 items) as a function of Musical Training scores from the Gold-MSI self-report questionnaire. A least-squares regression line is plotted with the standard error of its predictions shaded in grey. Musical Training raw scores are mapped to population percentiles reported in the original Gold-MSI study⁶. CA-BAT performance is represented both as ability estimates and as corresponding beep-track offsets for ‘ahead-of-the-beat’ items.