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. 2018 Aug 17;8:12334. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30048-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Prevalence of peptide variants, and potentially immunologically cross-reactive variants, for three serogroup B-substitute vaccines (Bexsero, Trumenba, and NonaMen) among 460 invasive and carriage meningococci from Shanghai, China in the pre-MPV-A, post-MPV-A, and post-MPV-A + C periods. Bexsero and Trumenba are two protein-based serogroup B substitute meningococcal vaccines, which have been licensed in Europe and the USA, while NonaMen is a 9-valent investigational outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine, which has undergone pre-clinical testing. Three periods were defined, pre-MPV-A (1965–1980), post-MPV-A (1981–2008), and post-MPV-A + C (2009–2016), according to the time of two meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines introduced in China (1980 serogroup A, 2008 A and C).