Fig. 6. Recovery of mitochondrial activity and TH expression by CAMP-hMT1A in cellular PD models.

a Intracellular ATP content of SH-SY5Y cells treated with 1 mM MPP⁺ for 24 h, followed by treatment with 4 μM CAMP-hMT1A or TAT-hMT1A (n = 4). b–e Dose-dependent effects of CAMP-hMT1A in MPP⁺-treated SH-SY5Y cells: b intracellular ATP (n = 12); c complex 1 of OXPHOS, NADH dehydrogenase activity (n = 4); d superoxide level as determined by MitoSOX (n = 6); e TH expression as determined by western blot with β-actin loading control. f Effects of CAMP-hMT1A on complex 1 activity in cells treated with 1 μM rotenone for 24 h (n = 3). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. CTL; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs. MPP⁺-treated