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. 2018 Aug 17;8:12375. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30812-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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15-day running mean (with central dates of corresponding 15-day intervals marked in the x axis) of the surface temperature in K (panel a) and soil moisture (non-dimensional) in the upper (0–10 cm) soil layer (panel b) over Alberta for April-May 2016 (black curves) in comparison with the 2003–2015 climatology for both variables (solid red curves in both panels), with corresponding 1.5 SD marked by dashed red curves, based on daily NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data¹³.