Figure 4.

TSP1 regulates cytokine levels in skin. (A) Cytokine protein levels in whole skin lysates of WT mice were measured by ELISA after different treatments. (B) Cytokine mRNA levels in cultured human primary keratinocytes were measured by real-time qPCR. Cells were subjected to 1000 J/m² UVB irradiation or pretreated with 50 μM apigenin prior to irradiation and harvested at 24 hours after irradiation. (C) Increased cytokine mRNA expression in keratinocytes from TKO mice. Primary keratinocytes were isolated from newborn WT and TKO mice and grew to 80% confluence in dishes, and real-time qPCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels. (D) Cytokine protein levels in plasma of WT and TKO mice were measured by ELISA. All experiments were performed in biological triplicates and technical duplicates. Statistical significance was determined in pairwise comparisons using two-sided Student's t test (*P<.05; **P<.01; ***P<.001; ****, P<.0001; n.s., not significant).