Figure 2. Age-Dependent Decline of the Adaptive Stress Response.

Early passage cells and young organisms are capable of rapidly and transiently upregulating the adaptive homeostatic response. In turn, keeping damage accumulation, such as protein aggregates, limited and cellular maintenance. However, with age, the inducibility of the adaptive response declines, which is accompanied with a parallel rise in protein aggregation, sluggish cellular signaling and basal rise in inflammation (‘inflammaging’).