Table 2.
Group differences in structural connectivity
| Without CeVD | With CeVD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC > aMCI | HC > AD | aMCI > AD | HC > aMCI+CeVD | HC > AD+CeVD | aMCI+CeVD > AD+CeVD | aMCI > aMCI+CeVD | AD > AD+CeVD | |
| Intra-DMN | ||||||||
| lParaHC-rParaHC | – | – | 0.019 | – | 0.032 | – | – | – |
| lParaHC-mPFC | – | – | – | – | 0.002 | – | – | – |
| lParaHC-PCUN | – | – | – | – | – | 0.010 | – | – |
| rParaHC-PCC | – | – | – | – | 0.030 | 0.019 | – | – |
| mPFC-PCC | – | 0.002 | 0.041 | – | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | – | – |
| mPFC-PCUN | – | 0.003 | 0.011 | – | < 0.001* | 0.003 | – | – |
| Intra-ECN | ||||||||
| lDLPFC-rDLPFC | – | 0.001* | – | 0.001* | < 0.001* | 0.025 | – | 0.039 |
| lDLPFC-rPPC | – | < 0.001* | 0.042 | – | < 0.001* | – | 0.004 | – |
| rDLPFC-lPPC | – | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.001* | < 0.001* | – | – | – |
| rDLPFC-rPPC | – | – | – | – | 0.027 | – | – | – |
| lPPC-rPPC | – | 0.001* | 0.010 | – | 0.001* | – | – | – |
| DMN-ECN | ||||||||
| lDLPFC-lParaHC | – | – | – | – | 0.001* | – | – | – |
| lDLPFC-PCC | – | – | – | – | < 0.001* | 0.008 | – | 0.007 |
| lDLPFC-PCUN | – | – | – | – | 0.021 | – | – | – |
| rDLPFC-mPFC | – | < 0.001* | 0.028 | 0.004 | < 0.001* | – | – | – |
| rDLPFC-PCC | – | – | 0.004 | 0.037 | < 0.001* | – | 0.001* | – |
| rDLPFC-PCUN | – | – | – | – | 0.007 | – | – | – |
| lPPC-rParaHC | – | – | 0.022 | – | 0.047 | – | – | – |
| lPPC-mPFC | – | – | – | – | – | 0.043 | – | – |
| lPPC-PCC | – | – | – | – | < 0.001* | – | – | – |
| rPPC-rParaHC | – | – | – | – | 0.001* | 0.023 | – | – |
| rPPC-mPFC | – | – | – | – | < 0.001* | – | – | – |
| rPPC-PCC | – | 0.021 | 0.010 | – | < 0.001* | 0.023 | – | – |
Structural connectivity probabilities were logarithmically transformed and normalized for statistical analyses. There were no group differences in SC between HCs and aMCI without CeVD subjects. AD+CeVD subjects had the largest reduction in SC at both the intra- and inter-network level compared with both HCs and aMCI with and without CeVD. We detected a reduction in SC in aMCI+CeVD subjects compared with both controls and aMCI subjects. AD+CeVD and aMCI+CeVD showed intra-ECN and inter-network SC reductions compared with AD and aMCI without CeVD subjects, respectively
Each cell represents the p value for significant pair-wise comparisons in SC at a threshold of p < 0.05 following correction for multiple comparisons across groups
AD Alzheimer’s disease, aMCI amnestic mild cognitive impairment, CeVD cerebrovascular disease, DMN default mode network, ECN executive control network, HC healthy controls, lDLFPC left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lParaHC left parahippocampus, lPCC left posterior cingulate cortex, lPPC left posterior parietal cortex, mPFC medial prefrontal cortex, rDLFPC right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, rParaHC right parahippocampus, rPCUN right precuneus, rPPC right posterior parietal cortex, SC structural connectivity
*Comparisons that passed multiple comparisons correction across the 36 edges at p < 0.0013