Table 1.
General characteristics of the participants.
| Overall (n = 2076) | Men (n = 980) | Women (n = 1096) | p † | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 55.1 ± 8.5 | 56.1 ± 8.5 | 54.3 ± 8.4 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 88.6 ± 10.1 | 90.6 ± 9.9 | 86.8 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 3.6 | 25.2 ± 3.6 | 25.5 ± 3.7 | 0.846 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137.4 ± 20.4 | 140.3 ± 19.5 | 134.8 ± 20.7 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 0.800 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 1.1 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.1 | 0.607 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 6.4 ± 2.0 | 6.5 ± 1.9 | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 0.175 |
| 2-Hour plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 9.7 ± 4.7 | 10.0 ± 4.8 | 9.4 ± 4.6 | 0.013 |
| Current smoker, % | 16.3 | 31.2 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Former smoker, % | 15.7 | 29.4 | 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Current drinker, % | 18.4 | 36.8 | 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Former drinker, % | 21.0 | 29.3 | 13.6 | <0.001 |
| T2DM, % | 26.0 | 28.2 | 24.1 | 0.035 |
| MS, % | 41.2 | 45.7 | 37.2 | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or as percentage. † p were analyzed between the variables of men and women. WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; n: number of subjects.