Table 2.

Plant derivatives work as scaffolds for application in tissue engineering.

References	Plant-derived substances	Delivery system	Study design	Cell line/Animal model	Conclusion
[15]	Agarose	agarose gel mixed with adenovirus-mediated human BMP-2 gene transduced bone marrow stromal cells	in vivo	athymic mice	The agarose-gene-transduced BMSC gel was found to contain much more hyaline cartilage than the alginate and collagen gel.
[16]	Aloe vera gel extracts	acemannan sponges	in vivo	mongrels	Acemannan could be a candidate osteoinductive biomaterial for periodontal tissue regeneration.
[17]	Soybean	soybean granules	in vivo	New Zealand rabbits	Soybean-based biomaterial may become a potent active osteoinductive material for periodontal regeneration.
[18]	Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extracts with alginate (Alg)	alginate/O -carboxymethyl chitosan/ Cissus quadrangularis scaffold	in vitro	hMSCs	The hybrid scaffold owned a substantially osteoinductive capacity, which could serve as a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering therapeutics.
[19]	Genipin	genipin-crosslinked chitosan hydrogels	in vitro	osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells, hMSCs	Genipin cross-linked chitosan scaffolds are suitable systems for bone tissue engineering. Different genipin concentrations effectively change the degradation profile, the structural and mechanical properties of the scaffolds.
[20]	Genipin	electrospun from chitosan crosslinked with genipin	in vitro/in vivo	murine mesenchymal stem cells/CD1 female mice	The presence of HA in the CTS-GP scaffold significantly enhanced their osseointegrative capacity, making it unique biomaterial for repair of bone defect.
[21]	Alginate	alginate/nano bioactive glass ceramic composite	in vitro	MG-63 cells, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts	The results suggest that these biocompatible composite scaffolds have possible relevance for periodontal tissue regeneration.