Figure 2.

Cartoon representing cellular responses to oxidative stress in the presence (red lines) or in the absence (blue lines) of antioxidants. After oxidative stress induction by UV radiations, there is an increase in free radicals, which, in turn, induces different responses in the cell, such as depletion in GSH, activation of MAPK cascade, increase in lipid peroxidation, inflammation, skin photoaging, and apoptosis. All these processes can be inhibited or counteracted by antioxidant's activity (reported in the red box).