Table 3.
Effects of estradiol, tamoxifen, raloxifene, DBT, and their combinations on body weight, uterus index, biochemical parameters, and serum reproductive hormones in OVX rats.
| Group | Change of body weight (% of the change) | Uterus index (mg/g) | Serum Ca (mg/L) | Serum P (mg/L) | Urinary Ca/Cr (mg/mg) | Urinary P/Cr (mg/mg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sham | 2.36 ± 0.77 | 2.19 ± 0.09 | 101.2 ± 1.1 | 45.3 ± 2.6 | 0.10 ± 0.007 | 0.41 ± 0.04 |
| OVX | 8.15 ± 0.59 | 0.36 ± 0.03*** | 99.3 ± 0.7 | 47.2 ± 2.5 | 0.10 ± 0.009 | 0.41 ± 0.02 |
| E2 | -8.19 ± 0.81∧∧∧ | 1.56 ± 0.07∧∧∧ | 98.6 ± 0.8 | 45.6 ± 2.5 | 0.11 ± 0.007 | 0.42 ± 0.03 |
| Tamo | 2.25 ± 1.68 | 0.73 ± 0.05∧∧∧ | 99.5 ± 1.0 | 53.7 ± 1.8 | 0.10 ± 0.005 | 0.36 ± 0.04 |
| Ralo | 3.18 ± 1.88 | 0.70 ± 0.05∧∧∧ | 99.0 ± 0.7 | 53.6 ± 1.8 | 0.11 ± 0.010 | 0.42 ± 0.04 |
| DBT | 7.46 ± 0.99 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 99.7 ± 1.0 | 49.5 ± 2.4 | 0.10 ± 0.009 | 0.39 ± 0.02 |
| DBT+Tamo | 0.85 ± 1.75∧ | 0.59 ± 0.03∧ | 98.9 ± 0.8 | 47.2 ± 1.3 | 0.10 ± 0.007 | 0.40 ± 0.02 |
| DBT+Ralo | 10.29 ± 1.90 | 0.61 ± 0.01∧ | 98.5 ± 0.8 | 49.8 ± 1.9 | 0.10 ± 0.008 | 0.42 ± 0.03 |
| Two-factor ANOVA p-value | ||||||
| Tamo | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.7613 | 0.3164 | 0.7455 | 0.5012 |
| DBT | 0.4582 | 1.0000 | 0.9402 | 0.3164 | 0.8207 | 0.5633 |
| Tamo × DBT | 0.7976 | 0.0011 | 0.6059 | 0.0406 | 0.6975 | 0.2869 |
| Ralo | 0.4716 | <0.0001 | 0.3904 | 0.1287 | 0.3575 | 0.4552 |
| DBT | 0.0362 | 0.4896 | 0.9667 | 0.7439 | 0.9084 | 0.7877 |
| Ralo × DBT | 0.0123 | 0.0032 | 0.5882 | 0.1707 | 0.9774 | 0.8472 |
∗∗∗p < 0.00‘ vs. sham; ∧p < 0.05, ∧∧p < 0.01, ∧∧∧p < 0.001 vs. OVX. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 7–9 rats per group. Ca, calcium; Cr, creatinine; P, phosphorus; Tamo, tamoxifen; Ralo, raloxifene.