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. 2018 Aug 13;9:1869. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01869

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Copyright © 2018 Abel, Yang, Thakar and Malarkannan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Role of a “third signal” in natural killer (NK) cell activation. (A) A brief description of the significant interactions between NK and myeloid cells. NK cells possess inherent abilities to mediate cytotoxicity and produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Myeloid cell-derived cytokines play a central role in regulating the effector functions of NK cells. Interactions between the innate NK cells and the primary arms of the adaptive immunity (T and B cells) are less explored. Stimulation through activation receptors (i.e., NKG2D or Ly49H) help recognize tumor (H60) or infected target cells (murine cytomegalovirus-derived m157). (B) A summary of major soluble factors produced by NK cells and their intended functions.