Table 1.
Summary of the ecosystem services (ES) (according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005) and biodiversity datasets extracted from 74 included studies
| ES category/biodiversity | ES type/biodiversity | Subset (number of datasets included) | Variable |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biodiversity | Biodiversity | Flora (6) | Plant species richness |
| Fauna (18) | Earthworm species richness | ||
| Spider species richness and abundance | |||
| Beetle species richness and abundance | |||
| Grasshopper species richness | |||
| Insect pollinator species richness and abundance (bees, butterflies) | |||
| Bird species richness | |||
| Provisioning | Grape quality and quantity | Grape quantity (23) | Grape yield |
| Grape quality (22) | Must quality (sugar content, titratable acidity, yeast assimilable nitrogen) | ||
| Regulating | Erosion protection | Soil loss (9) | Soil loss |
| Erosion‐related soil parameters (8) | Water retention | ||
| Topsoil penetration resistance | |||
| Aggregate stability | |||
| Saturated hydraulic conductivity | |||
| Carbon sequestration | Soil carbon (19) | Soil carbon content | |
| Pollination | Pollination (2) | Flower visitations | |
| Seeds per plant | |||
| Pest control | Natural enemy‐related parameters (21) | Abundance of potential natural enemies | |
| Percentage of parasitism and predation | |||
| Pest‐related parameters (13) | Pest abundance | ||
| Damage per vine and plot | |||
| Soil water balance | Soil water balance (6) | Water stress integral, water loss, volumetric soil water content | |
| Supporting | Soil fertility | Soil biota (17) | Soil fauna abundance (nematodes, earthworms, springtails, Oribatida, invertebrates) and biological quality indicator |
| Arbuscular mycorrhiza abundance (fungal spores and colonisation) | |||
| Nutrient cycling processes (17) | Soil fauna feeding activity | ||
| Soil microbial biomass | |||
| Soil microbial respiration and activity | |||
| Soil macronutrient content and availability |