Figure 4.

Melatonin inhibited Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial‐derived superoxide production in hyperglycemia‐treated H9c2 cells. (A) Representative confocal microscope images showing mitochondrial morphology stained by MitoTracker Red (major finding is C‐E). Original magnification ×600. (B) Representative confocal microscope images showing mitochondria‐derived superoxide production stained by MitoSOX (major finding is F). Original magnification ×600. (C) The percentage of cells with fragmented mitochondria. (D) Mean volume of mitochondria (fold over NG+V). (E) The number of mitochondria per cell. (F) Quantitative analysis of MitoSOX fluorescence density (fold over NG+V). (G,H) Western blot analysis of Drp1 protein expression in cytoplasmic (Cyto) and mitochondrial (Mito) fractions. Presented values are means ± SEM. NG, normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L); HG, high glucose (33 mmol/L glucose); V, vehicle; Mel, melatonin. n = 6 in each group. && P < .01 vs NG+V. ^^ P < .01 vs HG+V