Table 3.
Studies included for full review
| Author(s) | Design | Intervention | Sample size | Dropout | Results | Maintenance and follow‐up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D'Andrea and Poole (2012) | Naturalistic | CBT (PE) versus TF‐PDT | N = 27 | Not discussed | No significant change in symptoms from either intervention. PDT associated with improvements more so than CBT | Not discussed |
| Levi et al. (2015) | Comparative effectiveness | CBT (PE) versus PDT |
n (CBT) = 148 n (PDT) = 95 |
Similar dropouts reported for each intervention | Significant symptom reduction for CBT and PDT; no significant difference between treatment interventions | Significant symptom reduction maintained at follow‐up for both interventions; no significant differences found between treatment groups at any of the assessment points, including 8–12‐month follow‐up |
| Gilboa‐Schechtman et al. (2010) | RCT | CBT (PE) versus PDT (time limited) | N = 38 | Identical dropout rates of 21% for both interventions | CBT participants reported larger symptom reduction than PDT participants; CBT with exposure was superior, although both were successful in reducing symptoms | Results maintained at follow‐up. Both CBT and PDT successful in reducing distress at 6 and 17‐month follow‐up |
| Nacasch et al. (2011) | RCT | CBT (PE) versus PDT as treatment as usual (TAU) | N = 30 |
CBT = 2 PDT as TAU = 2 |
Post‐treatment symptom severity was significantly lower in patients receiving CBT | Significant reduction in severity maintained at follow‐up for CBT but not TAU |
| Sijbrandij et al. (2007) | RCT | CBT (CPT) versus waitlist control |
n (CBT) = 79 n (control) = 64 |
Not discussed | CBT group showed significant reduction in PTSD, anxiety and depression scores at 1 week post‐treatment compared to waitlist controls | No significant differences between CBT and waitlist control groups at 4‐month follow‐up |
| Markowitz et al. (2015) | RCT | CBT (PE) versus interpersonal psychotherapy |
n (CBT) = 38 n (IPT) = 40 |
IPT = 10% CBT = 5.6% |
Significant and comparable pre–post‐treatment symptom improvement in CBT and IPT groups but CBT group showed more rapid improvement | Not discussed |
| Lampe et al. (2014) | Naturalistic follow‐up | TF‐PDT | N = 43 | 58% | Significant improvements in PTSD symptoms, global symptom load, and depressive symptoms | Significant reduction in symptoms (60% in depression, 74% in PTSD symptoms, and 76% in global symptom load) at 2‐year follow‐up |
| Britvić et al. (2006) | Prospective cohort study | PDT (long‐term group) | N = 59 | 17 of 59 (28.8%) | Significant reduction in intensity of PTSD symptoms; no change in neurotic symptoms or defence mechanisms | Not discussed |
| Kellett and Beail (1997) | Case study | Psychodynamic interpersonal psychotherapy | N = 1 | Not discussed | Rapid decrease in symptoms. | Reductions in symptomology maintained at follow‐up |
| Monson et al. (2006) | RCT |
CBT (CPT) versus waitlist control |
n (CBT) = 30 n (control) = 30 |
CBT = 16.6% control = 13% |
CBT group showed significant post‐treatment reduction in symptom severity; 40% did not meet PTSD criteria and 50% had reliable change in PTSD symptoms at post‐treatment assessment | 30% of CBT and 3% of waitlist controls did not meet criteria for PTSD at 1‐month follow‐up |
| Hinton et al. (2004) | RCT | CBT (CPT) versus control |
n (CBT) = 6 n (control) = 6 |
Not discussed | CBT showed significant improvement with large effect sizes | Not discussed |
| Abbas and Macfie (2013) | Case study | Supportive and insight‐oriented psychodynamic psychotherapy | N = 1 | Not discussed | Significant improvement in all from the pretreatment baseline phase to the total treatment phase | Patient contacted therapist twice in a 6‐month period and reported continued effective functioning |
CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; PTSD, post‐traumatic stress disorder; RCT, randomised control trial.