Table 3.

Effect of direct exposure of long‐chain inulin type fructans (lcITF), Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 (LaW37), and lcITF/LaW37 on DC cytokine responses in the presence of IEC media. The effects of 5 mg mL⁻¹ lcITF, 10⁷ CFU mL⁻¹ LaW37, and lcITF/LaW37 on IL‐1ra, IL‐6, IL‐8, MCP‐1/CCL2, and TNF‐α productions by DCs after 20 h exposure to the ingredients combined with Caco‐2 intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) medium (Caco‐SM) were measured by Luminex. Caco‐2 cells were incubated 20 h, beforehand, with lcITF, LaW37, or lcITF/LaW37. Data are averages with SEM values of six repetitions, with triplicates. Statistical significance of differences compared to DCs exposed to unstimulated Caco‐SM were tested in GraphPad Prism ANOVA with LSD test and ****p < 0.0001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, and #p < 0.1

DCs exposed to	Caco‐SM		lcITF + Caco‐SM		LaW37 + Caco‐SM		lcITF/LaW37 + Caco‐SM
[pg mL−1]	Average	SEM	Average	SEM	Average	SEM	Average	SEM
CCL‐2/MCP‐1	84,4	12,7	68	9	124,4	16,4	119,2	14,2
IL‐1ra	1575	124	1288	118,3	1982#	258,2	1885	180,8
IL‐6	5,8	1,8	6,4	1,9	13,7	5,4	21,4*	5,5
TNF‐α	10,5	2,3	8	2	19,6#	2,9	23,6**	4,2
IL‐8	556,3	67,9	475,4	51,0	1117****	85	1367****	106,9