| HPLC-UV | high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet |
| GC-TOF MS | gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry; |
| HPLC-ESI-MS/MS | high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry |
| TMS | trimethylsilyl |
| PCA | principal component analysis |
| OPLS-DA | orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis |