Table 2.
The cavity size and some important physicochemical properties of natural CDs and some of their derivatives.
| Types | Substituent | 1 DS | Inner Cavity Diameter (Å) | Hydrogen Donors | Hydrogen Acceptors | Solubility (mg/mL, 25 °C) | Log Po/w | Surface Tension (mN/m) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naural CD | |||||||||
| αCD | H | 0 | 4.7–5.3 | 18 | 30 | 145 | −13 | 71 | [1,42] |
| βCD | H | 0 | 6.0–6.5 | 21 | 35 | 18.5 | −14 | 71 | [1] |
| γCD | H | 0 | 7.5–8.3 | 24 | 40 | 232 | −17 | 71 | [1] |
| Modified CD | |||||||||
| HPαCD | -CH2-CHOH-CH3 | 3.6 | 4.5–5.3 | 18 | 36 | - | - | - | [43] |
| CMβCD | -CH2-CO2H | 3–5 | - | 21 | 49 | 50 | −4.9 | - | [32] |
| DMβCD | -CH3 | 12–16 | 5.8–6.5 | 7 | 35 | 570 | - | 62 | [34] |
| RMβCD | -CH3 | 9.7–13.6 | - | 9 | 35 | >500 | −6 | 57.5–54.1 | [1,44,45] |
| TMβCD | -CH3 | 21 | 4–7 | 0 | 35 | 310 | - | 56 | [34,46] |
| HEβCD | -CH2-CH2OH | 3.6 | - | 21 | 42 | >2000 | - | - | [26,47] |
| HPβCD | -CH2-CHOH-CH3 | 2.8–10.5 | 6.0 | 25 | 39 | >1200 | −11 | 54.8–57.5 | [1,47] |
| SBEβCD | (CH2)4-SO3Na | 6.2–6.9 | - | 21 | 35 | >1200 | <−10 | 71 | [1] |
| HPγCD | -CH2-CHOH-CH3 | 3.0–5.4 | 8.0 | 24 | 45 | 800 | −13 | - | [1] |
| SBEγCD | (CH2)4-SO3Na | 4–8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | [43,48] |
| SUG | -SCH2CH2CO2Na | 8 | 7.5–8.3 | 24 | 48 | Very soluble | −16 | 72.2 | [1] |
| Branched CD | |||||||||
| G1βCD | glucosyl | 1 | 6.0–6.5 | 24 | 40 | 970 | −9 | 71 | [26,49] |
| G2βCD | maltosyl | 1 | - | 27 | 45 | >1500 | −9 | 72 | [33] |
| GUGβCD | glucoronylglucosyl | 1 | - | - | - | >2000 | - | 73 | [33] |
1 DS is defined as the average number of substituents per one CD molecule; DMαCD, dimethyl-αCD; TMαCD, trimethyl-αCD; HPαCD, 2-hydroxypropyl-αCD; CMβCD, carboxymethyl-βCD; DMβCD, dimethyl-βCD; TMβCD, trimethyl-βCD; HEβCD, hydroxyethyl-βCD; DMγCD, dimethyl-γCD; TMγCD, trimethyl-γCD; HPγCD, hydroxypropyl-γCD, SBEγCD, sulfobutylether-γCD sodium salt; SUG, sugammadex; G1βCD, glucosyl-βCD; G2βCD, maltosyl-βCD; GUGβCD, glucoronyl-glucosyl-βCD.