Table 2.
Example of agricultural or industrial wastes utilized in biosurfactant production.
| Waste (Carbon Source) | Conc. (g/L) | Microorganisms | Biosurfactant (g/L) | Biomass (g/L) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molasses | 70 | P. aeruginosa GS3 | 0.24 | 0.8 | [77] |
| Corn steep liquor | 100 | B. subtilis #573 | 4.47 | - | [27] |
| Cassava processing effluent | - | B. subtilis LB5a | 3.0 | - | [78] |
| Potato peels | 20 | B. pumilus DSVP18 | 3.2 | - | [79] |
| Soybean oil waste | 80 | P. aeruginosa MR01 | 25.5 | 5.15 | [80] |
| Canola oil refinery wastes | 20 | P. aeruginosa EBN-8 mutant | 8.5 | 4.5 | [81] |
| Corn stover hydrolysate + yellow grease | 10 | C. bombicola | 52.1 | 8.5 | [82] |
| Baggase + soybean oil | 100 | 84.6 | 7.7 | [83] | |
| Sugar beet molasses | 50 | P. luteola B17 | 0.53 | - | [84] |
| P. putida B12 | 0.52 | - | |||
| Banana peel | 250 | Halobacteriaceae archaeon AS65 | 5.3 | 4.8 | [85] |
| Hydrolyzed distilled grape marc | - | L. pentosus | 0.005 | - | [86] |
| Orange peel | 30 | P. aeruginosa MTCC 2297 | 9.18 | - | [87] |
| 40 | B. licheniformis | 1.796 | - | [88] | |
| Rice husk | 125 | Mucor indicus | 0.078 | - | [89] |
| Durian seed powder | 45 | Ochrobactrum anthropi 2/3 | 4.10 | 4.84 | [90] |
| Palm oil decanter cake | 250 | 4.52 | - | [91] |