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. 2018 Jul 22;23(7):1819. doi: 10.3390/molecules23071819

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A representation of the two types of non-ischemic HF (pressure overload and volume overload), and their underlying mechanisms. This figure also depicts that melatonin can directly inhibit these underlying pathological mechanisms to confer cardioprotection in non-ischemic HF. Mel: melatonin, ECM: extracellular matrix.