| HRESIMS | high resolution electrospray mass spectroscopy |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer |
| 1H-1H COSY | 1H-1H chemical-shift correlation spectroscopy |
| HSQC | heteronuclear single quantum coherence |
| HMBC | heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation |
| ROESY | rotating-frame overhauser effect spectroscopy |
| ECD | electronic circular dichroism |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| l-NMMA | l-NG-monomethyl arginine citrate |
| DXM | dexamethasone |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| IL-1β | interleukin-1β |
| IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
| TNF-α | tumour necrosis factor-α |
| iNOS | inducible NO synthase |
| COX-2 | cyclooxygenase-2 |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor-κB |
| PGE2 | prostaglandin E2 |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| WB | western blot |
| SDS-PAGE | sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacylamide gel electrophoresis |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
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