Table 1.

Selected comparative toxicity studies.

Nanoparticles	Target	Dose	Result	References
Au	Mice (in vivo)	2 × 105 PPB	Uptake of nanoparticles occurred in the small intestine	[157]
Ag	Zebrafish (in vivo)	5–100 μg/mL	Dose-dependent toxicity in embryos	[158]
Ag, Cu, Al	Mice and Rat (in vivo)	30–50 mg/kg	Blood-brain barrier penetration	[159]
Ag, Mn	PC-12 cells (in vitro)	1–100 μg/mL	Cell shrinkage and irregular membrane	[160]
Ag, TiO2	Murine macrophage cell line (in vitro)	5 μg/mL	Aggregates of nanoparticles	[161]
TiO2	Mice (in vivo)	5 g/kg	Show histopathological effects	[162]
Cu, Mn	PC-12 cells (in vitro)	10 μg/mL	Genes expression altered	[163]
Al, Al2O3	Rat (in vivo)	25–250 μg/mL	Phagocytosis hindered	[164]
Cu	Zebrafish (in vivo)	0.25–1.5 mg/L	Biochemical, histopathological changes	[155]