Figure 3.

Predicted directional selection, mean absorptivity, and mean fitness across years. For the case with observed plasticity and no evolution, we depict the directional selection gradient (β) on absorptivity (wing melanin, panels a, d, g), mean absorptivity (panels b, e, h), and mean fitness (panels c, f, i) across elevations (top row = panels a–c: 3.0 km; middle row = d–f: 2.4 km; bottom row = g–i: 1.8 km). We depict each elevation under both variable (blue: first, orange: second, red: third) and fixed phenology (light blue: first, gold: second, pink: third). We depict significant (p < .05) temporal trends