Figure 1.

Anopheles gambiae ace‐1 gene duplicated alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes. (a) The various alleles revealed using the two tests are symbolized: the small boxes represent the ace‐1 alleles, green for alleles carrying 119G (susceptible), and red for alleles carrying 119S (resistant); the large boxes represent the amplicons (different colors are used to represent the various duplicated alleles although the amplicons are similar as far as we know); the internal deletion (ID) present in one of the amplicons of the R^x* allele is indicated. (b) For each test (Res‐test or ID test), or the combination of the two (two‐test), the various PCR profiles, that is, phenotypes, and associated genotypes are indicated, with conserved color code for each allele. Note that even this combination of tests does not allow complete genotype discrimination