45 min |
Flow-Injection Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Linear Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometer) |
Cadenza CD-C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 3 μm) |
A: 20 mM aqueous ammonium formate (pH 4); B: methanol. Gradient |
0.04–48.2 ng/g |
0.13–160.6 ng/g |
[59] |
15 min |
HPLC-APCI-MS/MS |
Zorbax Eclipse ODS (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) |
Acetonitrile, isopropanol and water. Gradient |
0.2–0.6 ng/mL |
0.8–2 ng/mL |
[60] |
26 min |
High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (HPLC–Msn) |
Polaris C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 5 μm) |
A: water; B: methanol. Gradient |
no report |
0.1 μg/100 mL for all trans-retinol and α-tocopherol and 1 μg/100 mL for β-carotene |
[61] |
15 min |
LC-MS/MS |
Zorbax SB-CN column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) |
34% water and 66% methanol. Isocratic |
∼0.15 ng/g |
no report |
[62] |
3 min |
Ultra-Pressure Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection (UPLC-MS/MS) |
UPLC HSS C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) |
A: 2 mM NH4COOH; B: 2 mM NH4COOH: MeOH. Gradient |
The LODs for vitamin D2 were reported as 0.20 and 0.61 μg/100 g, |
The reported LOQ values for vitamin D3 were 0.47 and 1.44 μg/100 g |
[63] |
6 min |
Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
Ascentis Express C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) |
A: Ammonium formate in MeOH; B: H2O. Gradient |
0.1 μM for all-trans retinol, 3.3 nM for 25-OH VD2 and 25-OH VD3
|
no report |
[64] |
5 min |
Liquid Chromatography with Tandem-Mass Spectrometry |
Prontosil C18 analytical column (3 × 250 mm, 3 μm) |
0.2% (v/v) formic acid. Isocratic |
13 ng/mL for AA and 11 ng/mL for DHAA |
44 ng/mL for ascorbic acid (AA) and 38 ng/mL for dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) |
[65] |
30 min |
HPLC-MS/MS |
ACE-100 C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 3 μm) |
A: 10 mM ammonium acetate solution (pH 4.5); B: MeOH with 0.1% acetic acid; C: MeOH with 0.3% acetic acid. Gradient |
0.07–170 ng/mL |
0.2–520 ng/mL |
[66] |
12 min |
HPLC-MS/MS |
HSS T3 (2.1 × 150 mm, 1.7 μm) |
A: 2 mM ammonium formate in water; B: 2 mM ammonium formate in methanol. Gradient |
0.02 μg/100 g |
0.12 μg/100 g |
[67] |
30 min |
LC-DAD-MS/MS |
a Supelcosil C18 (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 5 μm) and an Alltima C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) for fat-soluble vitamins, ProntoSIL C30 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 3 μm) for carotenoids |
A: Methanol; B: isopropanol/hexane (50:50, v/v). Gradient |
0.9–15.6 μg/L |
2.7–46.8 μg/L |
[68] |
45 min |
LC-MS/MS |
Cadenza CD-C18 stationary phase (4.6 × 250 mm, 3 μm particles) |
A: 20 mM ammonium formate (pH 4.0); B: methanol. Gradient |
no report |
no report |
[69] |
8 min |
UPLC-MS/MS |
HSS T3 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 1.8 μm) |
A: 0.1% of formic acid in water; B: 0.1% of formic acid in acetonitrile. Gradient |
0.06–0.45 μg/100 g |
0.12–0.91 μg/100 g |
[70] |
12 min |
HPLC-MS/MS |
Pro C18 RS column (2.0 × 150 mm, 5 μm) |
Methanol–10 mM ammonium formate containing 5 mM methylamine. Isocratic |
1.5 ng/mL |
3 ng/mL |
[71] |
24min |
UPLC-MS/MS |
Alltima C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 3 μm) |
Methanol acidified with 0.1% formic acid. Isocratic |
14 ng/L |
36 ng/L |
[72] |
4 min |
LC-MS/MS |
MAX-RP (2.0 × 50 mm, 4 μm) column |
A: 85% methanol, B: 15% ammonium acetate. Isocratic |
10 nmol/L |
no report |
[73] |
27 min |
LC-MS/MS |
HydroRP (2.0 × 250 mm, 4 um) column |
A: 0.1% formic acid in water; B: 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Gradient |
no report |
no report |
[74] |
24 min |
LC-LIT-MS |
Polaris C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 5 μm) |
A: Methanol: B: water containing 5 mM ammonium (92:8 v/v). Isocratic |
no report |
0.01 μg/100 g |
[75] |