Table 2.
Plant extracts with antiulcerogenic activity.
| Order | Family | Binomial Name | Mechanism of Gastroprotection | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apiales | Apiaceae | Centella asiatica | Wound healing, mucus production, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | [30,31] |
| Asterales | Asteraceae | Baccharis dracunculifolia | Wound healing, antioxidant, mucus production | [32,33] |
| Baccharis trimera | Wound healing, anti-secretory, antioxidant | [34,35,36] | ||
| Hieracium gymnocephalum | Wound healing, anti-inflammatory | [37] | ||
| Tanacetum larvatum | Wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant | [38] | ||
| Vernonia condensata | Wound healing, inhibition of gastric secretion, antioxidant, mucus production, cytoprotective | [39,40] | ||
| Solidago chilensis | Wound healing, antioxidant, anti-secretory, mucus production | [41,42] | ||
| Boraginales | Boraginaceae | Cordia dichotoma | Wound healing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | [43] |
| Brassicales | Capparaceae | Capparis zeylanica | Wound healing | [44] |
| Moringaceae | Moringa oleifera | Wound healing, serotonin release, anti-secretory, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory | [45,46,47] | |
| Salvadoraceae | Salvadora indica | Wound healing, cytoprotective | [48] | |
| Celastrales | Celastraceae | Maytenus robusta | Wound healing, mucus production, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, gastroprotective, anti-secretory | [27,28,49,50] |
| Cucurbitales | Cucurbitaceae | Momordica cymbalaria | Wound healing, anti-secretory | [51] |
| Mukia maderaspatana | Wound healing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mucus production | [52] | ||
| Cyatheales | Cibotiaceae | Cibotium barometz | Wound healing, antioxidant, HSP70 up-regulation, Bax protein down-regulation, mucus production | [53,54] |
| Cyperales | Cyperaceae | Cyperus rotundus | Wound healing, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory | [55,56] |
| Fabales | Caesalpinieae | Caesalpinia sappan | Wound healing, antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory | [57] |
| Fabaceae | Archidendron jiringa | Wound healing, mucus production, antioxidant | [58] | |
| Alhagi maurorum | Antioxidant, antiapoptotic | [59] | ||
| Cassia sieberiana | Wound healing, cytoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | [60,61] | ||
| Parkia speciosa | Wound healing, mucus production, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, HSP70 up-regulation, Bax protein down-regulation | [62] | ||
| Tamarindus indica | Wound healing, anti-secretory | [63] | ||
| Gentianales | Rubiaceae | Morinda citrifolia | Wound healing, anti-secretory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | [64] |
| Lamiales | Bignoniaceae | Kigelia africana | Wound healing, antioxidant | [65] |
| Boraginaceae | Cordia verbenacea | Wound healing, antioxidant, cytoprotective | [66] | |
| Acanthaceae | Barleria lupulina | Anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-secretory | [67,68] | |
| Eremomastax speciosa | Wound healing, anti-secretory, mucus production, antioxidant, cytoprotective | [69,70,71] | ||
| Lamiaceae | Calamintha officinalis | Wound healing, antioxidant | [72] | |
| Hyptis suaveolens | Wound healing, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory | [73,74] | ||
| Tectona grandis | Wound healing, inhibition of gastric secretion | [75,76] | ||
| Magnoliales | Myristicaceae | Myristica malabarica | Wound healing, anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, cytoprotective | [77,78,79,80] |
| Magnoliopsida | Talinaceae | Talinum portulacifolium | Wound healing, anti-secretory | [81] |
| Malpighiales | Calophyllaceae | Mammea americana | Wound healing, anti-secretory | [82] |
| Hypericaceae | Cratoxylum arborescens | Wound healing, anti-H. pylori, anti-secretory, mucus production, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective | [83,84] | |
| Myrtales | Combretaceae | Terminalia arjuna | Wound healing, anti-H. pylori, anti-secretory | [85,86] |
| Terminalia belerica | Wound healing, anti-secretory, mucus production | [87] | ||
| Terminalia catappa | Wound healing, anti-H. pylori, mucus production, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective | [88] | ||
| Terminalia chebula | Wound healing, anti-secretory, cytoprotective | [89,90] | ||
| Terminalia coriacea | Wound healing, anti-secretory, mucus production, antioxidant | [91] | ||
| Terminalia fagifolia | Wound healing, anti-secretory, antioxidant | [92] | ||
| Papaverales | Papaveraceae | Argemone mexicana | Wound healing | [93] |
| Piperales | Piperaceae | Piper betle | Wound healing, antioxidant, mucus production, anti-inflammatory | [94,95,96,97,98] |
| Rosales | Moraceae | Ficus religiosa | Wound healing, inhibition of gastric secretion | [99] |
| Santalales | Rhamnaceae | Scutia buxifolia | Wound healing, antioxidant | [29] |
| Ziziphus jujuba | Anti-H. pylori, mucus production, antioxidant | [2] | ||
| Urticaceae | Cecropia glaziovii | Wound healing, anti-secretory | [100] | |
| Santalaceae | Osyris quadripartita | Wound healing | [101] | |
| Sapindales | Anacardiaceae | Anacardium occidentale | Wound healing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective | [102,103,104,105] |
| Anacardium humile | Wound healing, mucus production, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective | [106,107] | ||
| Meliaceae | Spondias mombin | Wound healing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, inhibition of gastric secretion | [108,109] | |
| Toona ciliata | Wound healing, anti-secretory, cytoprotective | [110] | ||
| Saxifragales | Crassulaceae | Bryophyllum pinnatum | Wound healing, anti-inflammatory | [111,112] |
| Zingiberales | Zingiberaceae | Aframomum pruinosum | Wound healing, anti-H. pylori, mucus production, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective | [113] |