Table 2.
General characteristics of the study participants
| Characteristics | Male (N = 42) | Female (N = 87) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age mean (SD) | 67.81 (6.64) | 69.46 (7.30) | 0.22 |
| Education | |||
| None | 1 (2.4%) | 28 (32.2%) | ≤0.001 |
| Some, but did not complete primary | 5 (11.9%) | 5 (5.7%) | |
| Completed primary | 5 (11.9%) | 18 (20.7%) | |
| Completed secondary (metric) | 15 (35.7%) | 24 (27.6%) | |
| Completed tertiary (college) | 16 (38.1%) | 12 (13.8%) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Never married | — | 4 (4.6%) | ≤0.001 |
| Married/co‐habiting | 31 (73.8%) | 27 (31.0%) | |
| Widowed | 11 (26.2%) | 56 (64.4%) | |
| Religion | |||
| Roman Catholic | 3 (7.1%) | 2 (2.3%) | 0.304 |
| Anglican/Protestant | 23 (54.8%) | 39 (44.8%) | |
| Muslim | 2 (4.8%) | 6 (6.9%) | |
| Hindu | 14 (33.3%) | 40 (46.0%) | |
| Job | |||
| Paid full‐time work | 3 (7.1%) | 3 (3.4%) | ≤0.001 |
| Paid part‐time work | 4 (9.5%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Housewife/husband | 4 (9.5%) | 45 (51.7%) | |
| Retired | 30 (71.4%) | 35 (40.2%) | |
| Hypertension | 6 (14.3%) | 11 (12.6%) | 0.834 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 6 (14.3%) | 11 (12.6%) | 0.834 |
| Stroke | 2 (4.8%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.197 |
| Diabetes | 16 (38.1%) | 27 (31.0%) | 0.478 |
| Chronic obstructive airway disease | 4 (9.5%) | 6 (6.9%) | 0.641 |
| Smoking (ever) | 7 (16.7%) | 2 (2.3%) | 0.007 |
| Alcohol (ever) | 5 (11.9%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Alcohol (present) | 5 (11.9%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Cognitive function | |||
| CSI'D' COGSCORE | 37.46 (4.27) | 34.61 (5.10) | 0.002 |
| Verbal fluency | 13.76 (4.0) | 12.03 (4.85) | 0.047 |
| Word list memory recall | 19.43 (7.23) | 17.56 (6.70) | 0.150 |
| Physical health impairment schedule score | 12.48 (1.90) | 13.18 (1.90) | 0.05 |
| WHO Disability Assessment II score | 1.76 (5.09) | 2 .29 (3.01) | 0.464 |
CSI'D', Community Screening Instrument for Dementia; SD, standard deviation.