Table 4.

The fluorescence quantum yields of the complounds in solution ^a.

Solvent	Parameters	L1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
DMF	Gradx	30,664	212,755	221,420	233,883	40,170	766,539	38,980	3542
	R2	0.9991	0.9989	0.9919	0.9994	0.9990	0.9989	0.9883	0.9952
	Φ	0.0042	0.0293	0.0305	0.0322	0.0055	0.1057	0.0054	0.0005
DMSO	Grad	138,805	319,677	281,248	95,396	265,597	829,585	126,016	71,006
	R2	0.9986	0.9900	0.9996	0.9916	0.9972	0.9977	0.9920	0.9939
	Φx	0.0205	0.0473	0.0416	0.0141	0.0393	0.1227	0.0186	0.0105

^a Grad_x is the gradient of the compounds from the plot of integrated fluorescence intensity vs absorbance, R² is the root-mean-square, Φx is the fluorescence quantum yield of the compounds. The Grad and R² values of l-Tryptophan in ultrapure water are 1,249,037 and 0.9992.