Table 11. Reproducibility of staging third molar development based on 3D imaging modalities.

Reference	Imaging modality	Elements	Staging technique		Intra-observer agreement				Inter-observer agreement
					Statistic		N		Statistic		N
Baumann (2015) (6)	MRI	All molars	Demirjian		-		-		Cohen's kappa	0.51	312
Guo (2015) (7)	MRI	Lower left third molar	Demirjian		Kappa	0.89	60		Kappa	0.83	60
De Tobel (2017) (10)	MRI	All third molars	Demirjian		ICC	0.94-0.97	48-50		ICC	0.85-0.94	44-47
			Köhler		ICC	0.96-0.97	48-50		ICC	0.86-0.95	44-47
Current	MRI	All third molars			Weighted kappa	0.80-0.89	350-379		Weighted kappa	0.76-0.80	899
					Agreement	0.66-0.79	350-379		Agreement	0.77-0.87	899
Bassed (2011) (35)	CT	Lower third molars	Demirjian		Kappa	0.949	25		Kappa	0.842	25
					Agreement	0.96	25		Agreement	0.88	25
Cantekin (2013) (36)	CBCT	Lower third molars	Demirjian		Kappa	0.896	70		Kappa	0.692	70

(CB)CT = (cone beam) computed tomography; ICC = intra-class correlation coefficient; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; N = number of assessed molars.