Table 6.
The terpenoids extracted from natural sources using ILs or IL solutions by different extraction techniques.
| Compounds | Types of ILs | Methods of Extraction | Sources | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| paclitaxel (169) | MIL [C4mim]FeCl3Br | UAE | Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. | [125] |
| α-pinene (130), 1,8-cineole (131), linalool (132), terpinen-4-ol (133), Borneol (134), α-terpineol (135), bornyl acetate (136), cubebene (149), α-copaene (150), bergamotene (151), β-caryophyllene (152), humulene (153), calamenene (154), cadina-1,4-diene (155) | Benzalconium lactate, Didecyldimethyl lactate, Benzalconium nitrate, Didecyldimetthyl nitrate, Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamonium methylsulfate | UAE | Cinnamomum cassia Presl | [126] |
| scroside B (137), hemiphroside A (138), scroside A (139), scroside C (140), scroside D (141), scroside I (142), picroside (158), picroside III (159), picroside I (160), picroside II (161), specioside (162), 6-O-E-feruloyl catalpol (163), 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,16,20, 25-tetrahydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,23-dien-22-one (170), 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,16,20-trihydroxy-25-acetoxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5,23-dien-22-one (171) | [BMIM][BF4] | UAE | Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell | [127] |
| ionone (143), linalool oxide pyranoid (144), linalool oxide furanoid (145) | [C2mim][(MeO)(H)PO2)] | maceration | Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. Cv. Aurantiacus | [128] |
| geranial (146), neral (147), geraniol (148) | [C4mim]Cl [C2mim][(MeO)(H)PO2)], [C2mim][(MeO)(H)PO2], [DEME]Cl, [DEME][MOAc]. | maceration | Cymbopogon citratus (D. C.) Stapf, Backhousia citriodora | [129,130] |
| cynaropicrin (156) | 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride | liquid-liquid extraction | Cynara, cardunculus L. | [131] |
| paeoniflorin (157) | [Bmim]Br | MAE | Paeonia suffruticosa Andr | [132] |
| forskolin (168) | tetramethyl guanidium lactate | UAE | Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq | [133] |
| ganoderic-acid ∑ (172) | [C4mim]Cl [C2mim][(MeO)(H)PO2)] | UAE | Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex Fr.) Karst. | [134] |
| ursolic (173), ursolic (174), betulinic acids (175) | [C4C1im][N(CN)2], [C4C1im][TOS], [C4C1im][SCN], [C4C1im][C2H5SO4], [C4C1py][N(CN)2], and [C4C1pyr]Cl, | liquid-liquid extraction | Malus pumila Mill. | [135] |
| 3-oxotirucalla-7,24Z-dien-27-oic acid (176), 3α-hydroxytirucalla-7,24Z-dien-27-oic acid (177), 3α-acetoxytirucalla-7,24Z-dien-27-oic acid (178) | BmimBr | MAE | Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi | [136] |
| dongnoside E (179) | ChCl | deep eutectic solvents extraction | Agave americana L. | [137] |
| insenoside Rg1 (180), ginsenoside Re (181), ginsenoside Rf (182), ginsenoside Rb1 (183), ginsenoside Rc (184), ginsenoside Rb2 (185), ginsenoside Rd (186) | [C3mim]Br | UAE | Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer | [138] |
| sgenin (187) | [PSmim]HSO4 | UAE | Dioscorea opposita Thunb. | [139] |
| morroniside (164), sweroside (165), loganin (166), cornuside (167) | [Domim]HSO4 | maceration | Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. | [140] |