Table 4.
The concentrations of detected sugars and sugar degradation products in cocoa shell extract in % (w/w).
| Run | Temperature (°C) | Time (min) | Solvent-Solid Ratio (mL/g) | Glucose | Rhamnose | Arabinose | Mannose | Xylose | Fucose | Levulinic Acid | Lactic Acid | Formic Acid | 5-HMF | Furfural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 170 | 45 | 20 | 0.89 | 1.82 | 5.85 | - | 2.93 | 1.70 | - | - | - | Traces | Traces |
| 2 | 120 | 75 | 20 | - | - | - | 1.17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 3 | 170 | 45 | 20 | 2.76 | 1.71 | 3.27 | - | 3.61 | 1.46 | - | - | - | Traces | Traces |
| 4 | 170 | 75 | 30 | 3.21 | 2.84 | 4.57 | - | 3.94 | 2.04 | - | - | - | Traces | Traces |
| 5 | 120 | 45 | 30 | - | - | - | 0.91 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 6 | 170 | 75 | 10 | 2.84 | 2.35 | 3.92 | - | 3.66 | 1.88 | - | - | - | Traces | Traces |
| 7 | 120 | 45 | 10 | - | - | - | 0.68 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 8 | 220 | 45 | 10 | 2.67 | 5.74 | 5.71 | - | 5.18 | 5.20 | 10.95 | 6.69 | 1.96 | Traces | Traces |
| 9 | 120 | 15 | 20 | - | - | - | 0.27 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10 | 170 | 15 | 10 | 1.02 | 1.09 | 1.13 | - | 2.97 | 1.05 | - | - | - | Traces | Traces |
| 11 | 170 | 45 | 20 | 1.19 | 1.53 | 3.48 | - | 3.56 | 1.32 | - | - | - | Traces | Traces |
| 12 | 170 | 45 | 20 | 1.34 | - | 3.78 | - | 3.25 | 1.23 | - | - | - | Traces | Traces |
| 13 | 170 | 15 | 30 | 1.32 | 1.47 | 2.88 | - | 3.22 | 0.98 | - | - | - | Traces | Traces |
| 14 | 170 | 45 | 20 | 1.53 | 1.94 | 3.09 | - | 2.90 | 1.66 | - | - | - | Traces | Traces |
| 15 | 220 | 45 | 30 | 4.61 | 5.93 | 6.48 | - | 4.22 | 4.70 | 11.83 | 7.07 | 2.37 | 0.35 | 0.69 |
| 16 | 220 | 15 | 20 | 2.36 | 4.20 | 4.59 | - | 4.60 | 4.26 | 6.37 | 6.38 | 0.36 | 0.96 | 2.62 |
| 17 | 220 | 75 | 20 | 4.22 | 6.00 | 6.57 | - | 5.84 | 5.65 | 7.44 | 4.18 | 3.25 | 0.030 | 0.41 |