Table 3.

Immunogenicity profiles of recombinant avian H5N1 vaccine candidates with and without adjuvants.

Manufacturer (trade name/designation)	Vaccine antigen	HA dose (μg)	Seroconversion without adjuvant (%)	Seroconversion with adjuvant (%)	Ref.
Protein Sciences (Panblok, UMN-0501)	rHA (A/Hong Kong/156/1997)	90	52†		[51]
		45	28
		15	17
	rHA (A/Vietnam/1203/2004)	45	22	8 (alum)	[52]
		15	17	16 (alum)
		5		20 (alum)
	rHA (A/Indonesia/05/2005)	135	32		[58,79]
		45	15	82 (GLA-SE)
		15		75 (GLA-SE)
		7.5		66 (GLA-SE)
		3.8		72 (GLA-SE)
Fraunhofer (HAI-05)	rHA (A/Indonesia/05/2005)	90	10	5	[55]
		45		0
		15		0
VaxInnate (Vax161)	rHA (A/Indonesia/05/2005)	1.5–2.5		49‡ (flagellin)	[58]
		1–2		Pending (flagellin)
Novavax	VLP (HA, NA, M1) (A/Indonesia/05/2005)	90	61		[60,104]
		45	57–82§
		15	40
		3.8		≥86§ (undisclosed)
Medicago	VLP (HA) (A/Indonesia/05/2005)	45		37 (alum)	[63,64]
		30		57 (alum)
		20		58–65 (alum)
		10		25 (alum)
		5		17 (alum)

Data are from studies conducted in adult subjects, employing recombinant H5N1 antigen and administered following two immunizations either 21 or 28 days apart. Direct comparisons between studies are not possible due to differences in reagents and methodologies to determine hemagglutination inhibition titers.

^†Microneutralization assay titer of ≥1:80.

^‡Percent seroprotection.

^§Unpublished results.

GLA-SE: Glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion; HA: Hemagglutinin; NA: Neuraminidase; rHA: Recombinant hemagglutination; VLP: Virus-like particle.