Table 2. Age-, gender-, energy intake, and race-adjusted mean of markers of insulin resistance and inflammation across quartiles of nut consumption.
| Variables | Quarters of nut consumption | p –valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
| n | 4196 | 4180 | 4201 | 4297 | |
| Serum CRP (mg/dL) | 0.49 ± 0.01 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Serum apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) | 95.6 ± 0.92 | 94.1 ± 1.01 | 93.9 ± 0.82 | 90.8 ± 0.93 | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 101.3 ± 0.82 | 99.6 ± 0.62 | 98.8 ± 0.34 | 96.3 ± 0.12 | <0.001 |
| Plasma insulin (uU/mL) | 2.36 ± 0.01 | 2.28 ± 0.02 | 2.19 ± 0.03 | 2.00 ± 0.04 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.16 ± 0.02 | 1.12 ± 0.01 | 1.00 ± 0.01 | 0.82 ± 0.05 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-B | 5.01 ± 0.03 | 4.93 ± 0.02 | 4.71 ± 0.01 | 4.33 ± 0.03 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.94 ± 0.02 | 5.83 ± 0.01 | 5.52 ± 0.01 | 5.26 ± 0.02 | <0.001 |
| 2 h blood glucose (mg/dL) | 132.9 ± 1.26 | 128.6 ± 2.32 | 112.8 ± 1.92 | 102.9 ± 1.08 | <0.001 |
| TyG index | 8.32 ± 0.01 | 8.12 ± 0.02 | 8.02 ± 0.02 | 7.95 ± 0.03 | <0.001 |
| TG:HDL | 3.4 ± 0.01 | 3.3 ± 0.02 | 3.2 ± 0.05 | 2.9 ± 0.03 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-B: Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function, HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin A1c, TyG index: triglyceride-glucose index, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, CRP: C-reactive protein.
All estimates were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational, smoking and level of physical activity. Regression coefficients α, β, γ and γ’ are shown in Supplementary Figure 1.
Values are expressed as estimated mean and standard error.
ap-values for linear trend across quartiles of CRP; variables were compared across quartiles of CRP using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).