Table 3. Estimates of regression coefficients (95% CIs) for the association between nut consumption, BMI, WC, apVAT, LAP and VAI (action theory), and markers of insulin resistance and inflammation (total effect) among US adults in the NHANES.
| Mediator | Estimate | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI | –0.110 | –0.171 to –0.04 | <0.001 |
| WC | –0.225 | –0.40to –0.10 | <0.001 |
| apVAT | –0.368 | –1.39 to 0.38 | 0.658 |
| VAI | –0.015 | –0.023 to –0.07 | <0.001 |
| LAP | –0.012 | –0.021 to 0.003 | <0.001 |
| Outcome | |||
| Serum CRP (mg/dL) | –0.040 | –0.53 to –0.28 | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | –0.509 | –0.86 to –0.15 | <0.001 |
| Plasma insulin (uU/mL) | –0.018 | –0.028 to –0.005 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | –0.021 | –0.03 to –0.009 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-B | –0.009 | –0.020 to 0.02 | 0.235 |
| HbA1c (%) | –0.019 | –0.028 to –0.09 | <0.001 |
| 2 h blood glucose (mg/dL) | –0.964 | –1.73 to –0.19 | <0.001 |
| TyG index | –0.010 | –0.017 to –0.003 | <0.001 |
| Serum apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) | –0.006 | –0.375 to 0.369 | 0.325 |
| TG:HDL ratio | –0.039 | –0.085 to 0.007 | 0.094 |
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval, BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference, apVAT: anthropometrically-predicted visceral adipose tissue, HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-B: Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function, HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin A1c, TyG index: triglyceride-glucose index, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, CRP: C-reactive protein.
All estimates were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational, smoking and level of physical activity. Regression coefficients α, β, γ and γ’ are shown in Supplementary Figure 1.