Table 4. Estimates of regression coefficients (95% CIs) for the association between BMI, WC, apVAT and VAI with markers of insulin resistance and inflammation (conceptual theory) among US adults in the NHANES.

Outcomes	BMI		WC		apVAT		VAI		LAP
	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI
Serum CRP (mg/dL)	0.082	0.080–0.085	0.037	0.036–0.038	0.0093	0.0089–0.0096	0.40	0.38–0.42	0.56	0.52–0.56
Serum apolipoprotein B (mg/dL)	0.54	0.46–0.63	0.29	0.26–0.33	0.091	0.073–0.102	14.23	13.95–15.26	13.62	12.52–4.63
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)	0.77	0.69–0.88	0.36	0.32–0.40	0.079	0.064–0.095	8.25	7.62–9.12	7.42	6.39–8.54
Plasma Insulin (μU/mL)	0.056	0.054–0.059	0.025	0.024–0.026	0.006	0.005–0.007	0.40	0.38–0.42	0.44	0.43–0.46
HOMA-IR	0.063	0.061–0.065	0.029	0.028–0.030	0.007	0.006–0.008	0.47	0.44–0.49	0.51	0.49–0.52
HOMA-B	0.036	0.034–0.039	0.017	0.016–0.018	0.004	0.003–0.005	0.23	0.21–0.25	0.28	0.26–0.30
HbA1c (%)	0.025	0.023–0.027	0.011	0.010–0.012	0.002	0.001–0.003	0.21	0.19–0.23	0.20	0.19–0.22
2-h blood glucose (mg/dL)	1.42	1.23–1.61	0.67	0.59–0.75	0.19	0.16–0.23	17.45	15.62–18.32	15.7	14.2–17.3
TyG index	0.029	0.027–0.031	0.014	0.013–0.015	0.004	0.003–0.005	0.77	0.72–0.80	0.64	0.63–0.66
TG:HDL ratio	0.111	0.101–0.122	0.057	0.052–0.061	0.014	0.013–0.016	4.22	4.16–4.29	3.10	3.05–3.16

Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval, BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference, apVAT: anthropometrically-predicted visceral adipose tissue, HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-B: Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function, HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin A1c, TyG index: triglyceride-glucose index, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, CRP: C-reactive protein.

All estimates were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational, smoking and level of physical activity. Regression coefficients α, β, γ and γ’ are shown in Supplementary Figure 1.